Textbook Question
Describe the difference between DNA transposons and retrotransposons.
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Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous RecombinationProblem 19b
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous RecombinationProblem 19bChapter 11, Problem 19b
Using the adenine–thymine base pair in this DNA sequence
...GCTC...
...CGAG...
Give the sequence after a transversion mutation.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the original DNA sequence provided in the problem. In this case, the sequence is shown as two complementary strands: 'CCTTAGGATTCC' and 'GGAATCCTTAAGG'.
Understand the concept of a transversion mutation. A transversion mutation occurs when a purine (adenine or guanine) is replaced by a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine), or vice versa.
Locate the site of the mutation in the sequence. From the image, the mutation occurs in the second strand where 'G' is replaced by 'C'. This change also affects the complementary strand, where 'C' is replaced by 'G'.
Update the sequence to reflect the transversion mutation. Replace the affected base pair in both strands: 'CCTTAGGATTCC' becomes 'CCTTAGGAGTCC', and 'GGAATCCTTAAGG' becomes 'GGAATCCTCAGG'.
Verify that the new sequence maintains proper base pairing rules (adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine) after the mutation. Ensure the complementary strand reflects the change accurately.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transversion Mutation
A transversion mutation is a type of point mutation where a purine base (adenine or guanine) is replaced by a pyrimidine base (cytosine or thymine), or vice versa. This contrasts with transitions, where a purine is replaced by another purine or a pyrimidine by another pyrimidine. Transversions can lead to significant changes in the protein sequence, potentially altering the function of the resulting protein.
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Point Mutations
DNA Base Pairing
DNA base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in the DNA double helix, where adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C). This complementary base pairing is crucial for DNA replication and transcription, ensuring that genetic information is accurately copied and expressed. Understanding base pairing is essential for predicting the effects of mutations on DNA sequences.
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Effects of Mutations on Protein Synthesis
Mutations can have various effects on protein synthesis, ranging from silent mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence to missense mutations that result in a different amino acid being incorporated. In some cases, mutations can lead to nonsense mutations, creating premature stop codons that truncate the protein. The specific impact of a mutation depends on its nature and location within the gene, influencing the overall function of the protein produced.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How are flanking direct repeat sequences created by transposition?
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Textbook Question
Using the adenine–thymine base pair in this DNA sequence
...GCTC...
...CGAG...
Give the sequence after a transition mutation.
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Textbook Question
The partial amino acid sequence of a wild-type protein is
… Arg-Met-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Cys-Ser …
The same portion of the protein from a mutant has the sequence
… Arg-Met-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Phe …
Identify the type of mutation.
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Textbook Question
The partial amino acid sequence of a wild-type protein is
… Arg-Met-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Cys-Ser …
The same portion of the protein from a mutant has the sequence
… Arg-Met-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Phe …
Give the sequence of the wild-type DNA template strand. Use A/G if the nucleotide could be either purine, T/C if it could be either pyrimidine, N if any nucleotide could occur at a site, or the alternative nucleotides if a purine and a pyrimidine are possible.
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Textbook Question
The two DNA and polypeptide sequences shown are for alleles at a hypothetical locus that produce different polypeptides, both five amino acids long. In each case, the lower DNA strand is the template strand:
Based on DNA and polypeptide sequences alone, is there any way to determine which allele is dominant and which is recessive? Why or why not?
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