Textbook Question
Write a short essay that discusses the role of ribosomes in the process of translation as it relates to these concepts.
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Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins
Klug12th EditionConcepts of Genetics ISBN: 9780135564776
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 14, Problem 5
During translation, what molecule bears the codon? the anticodon?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that translation is the process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein.
Recall that a codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies a particular amino acid.
Identify that the molecule bearing the codon is the mRNA, as it carries the sequence of codons that are read during translation.
Recognize that the anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides complementary to the codon, found on the transfer RNA (tRNA).
Therefore, the molecule bearing the anticodon is the tRNA, which pairs with the mRNA codon to bring the correct amino acid during protein synthesis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Codon
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. It serves as the genetic code read by the ribosome to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
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The Genetic Code
Anticodon
An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides on transfer RNA (tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA. It ensures the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome by matching with the codon during translation.
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Role of mRNA and tRNA in Translation
During translation, mRNA carries the codons that dictate the amino acid sequence, while tRNA molecules carry amino acids and use their anticodons to recognize and bind to the corresponding codons on the mRNA, facilitating accurate protein synthesis.
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07:58Translation initiation
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during translation, and list all enzymes that participate in the transcription and translation process.
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Textbook Question
Francis Crick proposed the 'adaptor hypothesis' for the function of tRNA. Why did he choose that description?
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Textbook Question
The α chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides in an mRNA coding for this polypeptide chain?
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Textbook Question
Assuming that each nucleotide in an mRNA is 0.34 nm long, how many triplet codes can simultaneously occupy the space in a ribosome that is 20 nm in diameter?
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Textbook Question
Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs with their appropriate amino acids.
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