Textbook Question
Two pea plants heterozygous for the characters of pod color and pod shape are crossed. Draw a Punnett square to determine the phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
2649
views
Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 14, Problem 7
The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these four genes, what are the probabilities that F2 offspring will have the following genotypes?
a. aabbccdd
b. AaBbCcDd
c. AABBCCDD
d. AaBBccDd
e. AaBBCCdd
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that independent assortment means each gene pair segregates independently during gamete formation. This is based on Mendel's law of independent assortment.
For each gene pair, calculate the probability of inheriting a specific allele combination. For example, the probability of inheriting 'aa' from 'Aa' is 1/4, since each parent can contribute either 'A' or 'a'.
Apply the probability rule for independent events: multiply the probabilities of each independent event to find the overall probability of a genotype. For example, the probability of 'aabbccdd' is the product of the probabilities of 'aa', 'bb', 'cc', and 'dd'.
Repeat the calculation for each requested genotype. For instance, for 'AaBbCcDd', calculate the probability of inheriting 'Aa' (1/2), 'Bb' (1/2), 'Cc' (1/2), and 'Dd' (1/2), then multiply these probabilities.
Consider the dominance and recessiveness of alleles if needed, but in this case, focus on the probability of allele combinations rather than phenotypic expression.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
1mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Independent Assortment
Independent assortment is a principle of Mendelian genetics stating that alleles of different genes segregate independently during gamete formation. This means the inheritance of one trait generally does not affect the inheritance of another, allowing for various combinations of alleles in offspring. In a tetrahybrid cross, each gene pair segregates independently, leading to diverse genotypic possibilities.
Recommended video:
Guided course
08:49
Independent Assortment
Probability in Genetics
Probability in genetics involves calculating the likelihood of specific genotypes or phenotypes appearing in offspring. This is done using the principles of Mendelian inheritance, where the probability of inheriting a particular allele from each parent is considered. For a tetrahybrid cross, probabilities are calculated by multiplying the chances of inheriting each allele independently.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:38Punnett Square Probability
Punnett Square
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a particular genetic cross. It helps visualize how alleles from each parent combine, showing all possible genetic outcomes. In a tetrahybrid cross, a Punnett square can be complex, but it systematically illustrates the independent assortment and combination of alleles for multiple genes.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:37Punnett Squares
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Flower position, stem length, and seed shape are three characters that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as indicated in Table 14.1.
If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters is allowed to self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would you expect to be each of the following? (Note: Use the rules of probability instead of a huge Punnett square.)
a. Homozygous for the three dominant traits
b. Homozygous for the three recessive traits
c. Heterozygous for all three characters
d. Homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape
2157
views
Textbook Question
Hemochromatosis is an inherited disease caused by a recessive allele. If a woman and her husband, who are both carriers, have three children, what is the probability of each of the following?
a. All three children are of normal phenotype
b. One or more of the three children have the disease
c. All three children have the disease
d. At least one child is phenotypically normal
1921
views
Textbook Question
What is the probability that each of the following pairs of parents will produce the indicated offspring? (Assume independent assortment of all gene pairs.)
a. AABBCC×aabbcc→AaBbCc
b. AABbCc×AaBbCc→AAbbCC
c. AaBbCc×AaBbCc→AaBbCc
d. aaBbCC×AABbcc→AaBbCc
3100
views
Textbook Question
Karen and Steve each have a sibling with sickle-cell disease. Neither Karen nor Steve nor any of their parents have the disease, and none of them have been tested to see if they carry the sickle-cell allele. Based on this incomplete information, calculate the probability that if this couple has a child, the child will have sickle-cell disease.
2368
views
Textbook Question
In 1981, a stray black cat with unusual rounded, curled-back ears was adopted by a family in California. Hundreds of descendants of the cat have since been born, and cat fanciers hope to develop the curl cat into a show breed. Suppose you owned the first curl cat and wanted to develop a true-breeding variety. How would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive? How would you obtain true-breeding curl cats? How could you be sure they are true-breeding?
<IMAGE>
1165
views