(a) What is meant by the term isomer?

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Understand that isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Recognize that there are different types of isomers, including structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Structural isomers have different connectivity of atoms within the molecule, leading to different chemical properties.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, which can affect physical and chemical properties.

Consider examples of isomers, such as butane and isobutane, to illustrate how the same molecular formula can lead to different structures.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations of atoms. This leads to distinct physical and chemical properties among the isomers, making the study of isomerism crucial in organic chemistry.

Types of Isomers

Isomers can be classified into two main types: structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers differ in the connectivity of their atoms, while stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms. Understanding these types helps in predicting the behavior of different compounds.

Importance of Isomers

Isomers play a significant role in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, where different isomers of a drug can have different biological activities. Recognizing the implications of isomerism is essential for the development of effective medications and understanding their mechanisms of action.

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