Textbook Question
(d) If you remove a single electron from a P atom, which orbital will it come from?
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 85a
The As ¬ As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl ¬ Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å. (a) Based on these data, what is the predicted As ¬ Cl bond length in arsenic trichlo- ride, AsCl3, in which each of the three Cl atoms is bonded to the As atom?
Verified step by step guidance1
insert step 1> Determine the average bond length by using the bond lengths of As-As and Cl-Cl.
insert step 2> Use the concept of covalent radii to estimate the bond length of As-Cl.
insert step 3> Calculate the covalent radius of As by dividing the As-As bond length by 2.
insert step 4> Calculate the covalent radius of Cl by dividing the Cl-Cl bond length by 2.
insert step 5> Add the covalent radii of As and Cl to predict the As-Cl bond length in AsCl_3.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bond Length
Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is influenced by factors such as atomic size, bond order, and the presence of lone pairs. In general, shorter bond lengths indicate stronger bonds due to greater overlap of atomic orbitals.
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Average Bond Order
Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate bonding. In the case of arsenic trichloride (AsCl3), arsenic undergoes sp3 hybridization, resulting in four equivalent hybrid orbitals that form sigma bonds with the three chlorine atoms and one lone pair.
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Trends in Bond Lengths
Trends in bond lengths can be predicted based on the types of atoms involved and their bonding characteristics. Generally, bond lengths increase with the size of the atoms and decrease with increasing bond order. By comparing known bond lengths, one can estimate the bond length in new compounds, such as AsCl3, by considering the influence of both As-As and Cl-Cl bonds.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In Table 7.8, the bonding atomic radius of neon is listed as58 pm, whereas that for xenon is listed as 140 pm. A classmateof yours states that the value for Xe is more realisticthan the one for Ne. Is she correct? If so, what is the basisfor her statement?
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Textbook Question
The As ¬ As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl ¬ Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å. (b) What bond length is predicted for AsCl3, using the atomic radii in Figure 7.7?
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Textbook Question
The following observations are made about two hypotheticalelements A and B: The A¬A and B¬B bond lengths in theelemental forms of A and B are 236 and 194 pm, respectively.A and B react to form the binary compound AB2, which hasa linear structure (that is B-A-B = 180°). Based on thesestatements, predict the separation between the two B nucleiin a molecule of AB2.
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