Floral traits in plants often play key roles in diversification, in that slight modifications of those traits, if genetically determined, may quickly lead to reproductive restrictions and evolution. Insight into genetic involvement in flower formation is often acquired through selection experiments that expose realized heritability. Lendvai and Levin (2003) conducted a series of artificial selection experiments on flower size (diameter) in Phlox drummondii. Data from their selection experiments are presented in the following table in modified form and content.

In terms of evolutionary potential, is a population with high heritability likely to be favored compared to one with a low realized heritability? 

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of heritability: Heritability is a measure of how much of the variation in a trait (such as flower size) is due to genetic factors versus environmental factors. High heritability indicates that genetic factors play a significant role in determining the trait.
2. Relate heritability to evolutionary potential: A population with high heritability for a trait is more likely to respond to selection pressures because genetic variations can be passed on to the next generation. This makes the population more adaptable to changes in the environment.
3. Consider the implications of low heritability: In populations with low heritability, environmental factors dominate the expression of the trait. This means that even if selection pressures are applied, the trait may not change significantly across generations.
4. Analyze the context of artificial selection experiments: In the study by Lendvai and Levin (2003), artificial selection experiments on flower size in Phlox drummondii were conducted to measure realized heritability. These experiments help determine how much the trait can evolve under controlled selection pressures.
5. Conclude the evolutionary advantage: Populations with high heritability are generally favored in terms of evolutionary potential because they can adapt more effectively to selection pressures, leading to diversification and reproductive isolation, which are key drivers of evolution.

Key Concepts

Heritability

Heritability is a measure of how much of the variation in a trait within a population can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals. It is expressed as a proportion, ranging from 0 to 1, where a higher value indicates that genetics play a larger role in the trait's expression. Understanding heritability is crucial for predicting how traits may evolve over generations, especially in response to selection pressures.

Artificial Selection

Artificial selection is a process in which humans intentionally breed plants or animals for specific traits. This method allows researchers to observe the effects of selective pressures on traits, such as flower size in Phlox drummondii. By manipulating breeding, scientists can gain insights into the genetic basis of traits and their heritability, which is essential for understanding evolutionary dynamics.

Evolutionary Potential

Evolutionary potential refers to the capacity of a population to adapt to changing environmental conditions through genetic variation and natural selection. Populations with high heritability for certain traits are more likely to exhibit significant evolutionary changes, as these traits can be rapidly passed on to subsequent generations. This concept is vital for assessing how populations might respond to selective pressures, such as those imposed by environmental changes.