Textbook Question
Contrast the genetic composition of gametes derived from tetrads of inversion heterozygotes where crossing over occurs within a paracentric versus a pericentric inversion.
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Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement
Klug12th EditionConcepts of Genetics ISBN: 9780135564776
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
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Klug 12th EditionCh. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and ArrangementProblem 14
Klug 12th EditionCh. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and ArrangementProblem 14Chapter 8, Problem 14
What roles have inversions and translocations played in the evolutionary process?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that inversions and translocations are types of chromosomal rearrangements that can affect the structure of chromosomes.
Recognize that inversions occur when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, which can lead to changes in gene expression and function.
Acknowledge that translocations involve the transfer of a segment of one chromosome to another, which can create new gene combinations and potentially novel traits.
Consider how these chromosomal changes can lead to reproductive isolation and speciation by preventing successful breeding between individuals with different chromosomal arrangements.
Explore examples in nature where inversions and translocations have contributed to the adaptation and evolution of species, such as in the diversification of certain plant and animal groups.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chromosomal Inversions
Chromosomal inversions occur when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. This rearrangement can affect gene expression and recombination during meiosis, potentially leading to speciation. Inversions can preserve advantageous gene combinations and contribute to genetic diversity, influencing evolutionary trajectories.
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05:15
Inversions
Chromosomal Translocations
Translocations involve the rearrangement of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes. This process can create new gene combinations and alter gene regulation, which may provide adaptive advantages in changing environments. Translocations can also lead to genetic disorders, but they play a significant role in evolution by introducing variability.
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12:42Reciprocal Translocation
Evolutionary Significance of Chromosomal Rearrangements
Chromosomal rearrangements, including inversions and translocations, are crucial for evolution as they can lead to new phenotypes and increased genetic diversity. These changes can facilitate adaptation to new environments and contribute to the formation of new species. Understanding these mechanisms helps explain the complexity of evolutionary processes.
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04:38Rearrangement Overview
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing two alpha (α) and two beta (β) polypeptide chains. The α gene cluster on chromosome 16 and the β gene cluster on chromosome 11 share amino acid similarities such that 61 of the amino acids of the α-globin polypeptide (141 amino acids long) are shared in identical sequence with the β-globin polypeptide (146 amino acids long). How might one explain the existence of two polypeptides with partially shared function and structure on two different chromosomes?
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Textbook Question
Discuss Ohno's hypothesis on the role of gene duplication in the process of evolution. What evidence supports this hypothesis?
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Textbook Question
The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36 chromosomes that are similar in appearance to the chromosomes in two related species, P. floribunda (2n=18) and P. verticillata (2n=18). How could P. kewensis arise from these species? How would you describe P. kewensis in genetic terms?
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Textbook Question
Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18, 36, 54, 72, and 90 chromosomes; all are multiples of a basic set of nine chromosomes. How would you describe these varieties genetically? What feature do the karyotypes of each variety share? A variety with 27 chromosomes has been discovered, but it is sterile. Why?
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Textbook Question
Drosophila may be monosomic for chromosome 4, yet remain fertile. Contrast the F₁ and F₂ results of the following crosses involving the recessive chromosome 4 trait, bent bristles:
monosomic IV, bent bristles x diploid, normal bristles
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