Textbook Question
Write the group number and draw the Lewis symbol for each of the following elements:
e. gallium
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Ch.4 Atoms and Elements
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem 72d
Complete each of the statements a to d using 1, 2, or 3:
1. decreases
2. increases
3. remains the same
Going from left to right across Period 4,
d. the number of valence electrons ________
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the periodic table layout: Period 4 refers to the fourth row of the periodic table, which includes elements from potassium (K) to krypton (Kr).
Recall the concept of valence electrons: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and determine its chemical properties. For main group elements, the number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number (1A to 8A).
Analyze the trend across a period: As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons increases by one for each successive element in the main group elements.
Apply this trend to Period 4: Starting with potassium (K) in Group 1A, which has 1 valence electron, and ending with krypton (Kr) in Group 8A, which has 8 valence electrons, the number of valence electrons increases across the period.
Conclude that the correct answer for part d is '2. increases,' as the number of valence electrons increases from left to right across Period 4.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Periodic Trends
Periodic trends refer to the predictable patterns observed in the properties of elements as you move across a period or down a group in the periodic table. These trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and the number of valence electrons, which help in understanding how elements behave chemically.
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Periodic Trend: Metallic Character
Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom and are crucial for determining an element's chemical properties and reactivity. The number of valence electrons influences how an element bonds with others, and in Period 4, elements typically have a consistent increase in valence electrons as you move from left to right.
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01:55Valence Electrons of Elements (Simplified) Concept 1
Period 4 Elements
Period 4 of the periodic table includes elements from potassium (K) to krypton (Kr). As you progress across this period, the atomic number increases, leading to an increase in the number of protons and electrons, which directly affects the number of valence electrons, typically increasing from 1 to 8.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Fill in the following blanks using larger or smaller, higher or lower. Mg has a _______ atomic size and a _______ ionization energy than Cs.
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Textbook Question
Complete each of the statements a to d using 1, 2, or 3:
1. decreases
2. increases
3. remains the same
Going down Group 6A (16),
d. the number of valence electrons _________
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Textbook Question
Which statements completed with a to e will be true and which will be false?
An atom of N compared to an atom of Li has a larger (greater)
b. ionization energy
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Textbook Question
Which statements completed with a to e will be true and which will be false?
An atom of N compared to an atom of Li has a larger (greater)
c. number of protons
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Textbook Question
Use Rutherford's gold-foil experiment to answer each of the following:
b. How did the results differ from what he expected?
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