Chapter 1: Understanding cybersecurity policy and governance 2

Information Security vs. Cybersecurity Policies 6
Looking at Policy Through the Ages 6
Cybersecurity Policy 10
Cybersecurity Policy Life Cycle 28
Summary 34

Chapter 2: Cybersecurity policy organization, format, and styles 46

Policy Hierarchy 47
Writing Style and Technique 51
Plain Language Techniques for Policy Writing 53
Policy Format 56
Summary 69

Chapter 3: Cybersecurity frameworks 80

Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) 81
What Is a Cybersecurity Framework? 94
NIST Cybersecurity Framework 110
Summary 118

Chapter 4: Cloud security 132

Why Cloud Computing? 133
Cloud Computing Models 139
Cloud Governance 141
Multitenancy 150
Core Components of the Cloud Computing Reference Architecture 151
Key Concepts and Functional Layers of Cloud Computing 152
Understanding Top Cybersecurity Risks in Cloud Computing 153
AI and the Cloud: Revolutionizing the Future of Computing 166
Summary 168

Chapter 5: Governance and risk management 176

Understanding Cybersecurity Policies 177
Cybersecurity Risk 197
Summary 207

Chapter 6: Asset management and data loss prevention 220

Information Assets and Systems 221
Information Classification 224
Labeling and Handling Standards 233
Information Systems Inventory 236
Understanding Data Loss Prevention Technologies 242
Summary 245

Chapter 7: Human resources security and education 256

The Employee Life Cycle 257
The Importance of Employee Agreements 269
The Importance of Security Education and Training 272
Summary 278

Chapter 8: Physical and environmental security 290

Understanding the Secure Facility Layered Defense Model 292
Protecting Equipment 299
Environmental Sustainability 308
Summary 310

Chapter 9: Cybersecurity operations (CyberOps), incident response, digital forensics, and threat hunting 320

Incident Response 321
What Happened? Investigation and Evidence Handling 349
Understanding Threat Hunting 351
Understanding Digital Forensic Analysis 357
Data Breach Notification Requirements 360
Summary 368

Chapter 10: Access control management 384

Access Control Fundamentals 385
Infrastructure Access Controls 399
User Access Controls 416
Summary 422

Chapter 11: Supply chain security, information systems acquisition, development, and maintenance 434

Strengthening the Links: A Deep Dive into Supply Chain Security 435
System Security Requirements 441
Secure Code 448
Cryptography 453
Summary 462

Chapter 12: Business continuity management 474

Emergency Preparedness 475
Business Continuity Risk Management 479
The Business Continuity Plan 485
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery in Cloud Services 493
Plan Testing and Maintenance 500
Summary 504

Chapter 13: Regulatory compliance for financial institutions 514

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 515
New York’s Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation 533
What Is a Regulatory Examination? 535
Personal and Corporate Identity Theft 537
Regulation of Fintech, Digital Assets, and Cryptocurrencies 540
Summary 542

Chapter 14: Regulatory compliance for the health-care sector 556

The HIPAA Security Rule 558
The HITECH Act and the Omnibus Rule 581
Understanding the HIPAA Compliance Enforcement Process 586
Summary 588

Chapter 15: PCI compliance for merchants 600

Protecting Cardholder Data 601
PCI Compliance 616
Summary 623

Chapter 16: Privacy in an AI-driven landscape 634

Defining Privacy in the Digital Context 635
The Interplay Between AI and Privacy 636
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 637
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) 640
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) 641
Data Protection Act 2018 in the United Kingdom 643
Leveraging AI to Enhance Privacy Protections 645
Summary 647

Chapter 17: Artificial intelligence governance and regulations 652

The AI Double-Edged Sword 653
Generative AI, LLMs, and Traditional Machine Learning Implementations 653
Introduction to AI Governance 654
The U.S. Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy
Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence 655
The Importance of High Accuracy and Precision in AI Systems 661
Explainable AI (XAI): Building Trust and Understanding 663
Government and Society-wide Approaches to AI Governance 665
The EU AI Act 667
Guidelines for Secure AI System Development 670
OWASP Top 10 Risks for LLM 674
MITRE ATLAS Framework 683

Summary 684

Appendix A: Answers to the multiple choice questions 696

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