Child Welfare and Family Services: Policies and Practice, 8th edition

Preface

1. An Introduction to Family and Child Services

The Changing American Family

Problems of Children and Young Persons

Being Poor Means Being at Risk

Alienation, Violence, and Substance Abuse

Children of Vulnerable Families

Rights and Responsibilities

Rights and Responsibilities of Children

Rights and Responsibilities of Parents

Rights and Responsibilities of Society

Historical Highlights of Services to Families and Children

Indenture and “Outdoor Relief”

Children's Institutions and the Growth of Voluntary Agencies

State Boards of Charities

Federal Government Involvement

Growth of Federal Programs

Public Policies for Families and Children

Family Policy

Child and Family Services

Principles of Child and Family Services

Classification of Services

Pyramid of Services

Race and Ethnicity in Child Welfare

The Organization of Services

Public Child Welfare Services

Voluntary Family and Child Agencies

Proprietary Child Welfare Services

Interagency Partnerships

Program Example: System of Care

Trends and Issues

Child Welfare in a Global Context

The Increasing Complexity of Child Welfare Practice

Disaster Planning

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

2. Government Programs to Support Families and Children

CASE EXAMPLE: WELFARE REFORM CREATES HARD CHOICES FOR MOTHERS

FAMILY INCOME SECURITY

NATURE OF POVERTY AMONG CHILDREN

Extent

Factors Contributing to Poverty

PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES

Background of the TANF Program

Provisions of TANF

WORK AND FAMILY SUPPORTS

SCHIP and Medicaid

Food Programs

Earned Income Tax Credit

Child Support Enforcement

Social Insurance

Supplemental Security Income

ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE REFORM

SUPPORTING FAMILIES WITH DAY CARE AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

Federal Legislation

The Family and Medical Leave Act

Day Care Regulation

Working Parents' Child Care Arrangements

Head Start

Does Head Start Have Lasting Effects?

Policy Issues in Child Care: Availability, Cost, and Quality

MEASURING THE WELL-BEING OF AMERICA'S CHILDREN

TRENDS AND ISSUES

Income Supports for Immigrant Families

Welfare Reform: Challenging Population

CHAPTER SUMMARY

FOR STUDY AND DISCUSSION

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

REFERENCES

3. Services to Prevent Maltreatment and Support Families

Case Example: Reaching Out to a Family at Risk for Child Maltreatment

Need for Preventive and Family Support Services

The Many Faces of Family Life

Single-Parent Families

Families with Lesbian or Gay Parents

Early Childbearing and the Family

Culturally Diverse Families

Immigrant Families

African American Families

Hispanic/Latino Families

Native American Families

Framework for Preventive and Family Support Services

Attributes of Preventive Services

Levels of Preventive Services

Attachment Theory

Social Learning Theory

Risk and Protective Factors in Child Abuse and Neglect

An Ecological Model: Prevention of Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities

Family Support Services

Home Visiting: Hawaii's Healthy Start Program

Family Support Programs for Teen Parents

Special Services for Pregnant and Parenting Teens

Family Support Programs in Economically Deprived Communities

Assessment of Family Support Programs

Social Work Roles in Family Support

Other Approaches to Strengthening Families

Prevention Programs for Children and Adolescents

Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs

Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Programs

Community Approaches

Multiservice Centers for Chinese Immigrant Families

Interagency Cooperation to Prevent Child Maltreatment

Community Awareness Campaigns

Fatherhood Programs

Trends and Issues

Controversy over Corporal Punishment

Child Maltreatment Prevention and the Schools

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

4: Child Welfare Principles and Practice

Case Example: The Jones Family Experiences the Child Welfare System

Introduction

Nature and Use of Authority

Fundamental Principles of Child Welfare Practice

Child Safety, Well-being and Permanency

Child Focused, Family-centered Practice

The Casework Process

What is Casework?

Fundamentals of the Casework Process

Basic Tasks in Child Welfare Practice

Information Gathering

Assessment

Service Planning and Service Delivery

Case Record Documentation

Crisis Intervention and Stabilization Services

Trends and Issues

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

5. Law and Procedure: Court Intervention with Children, Youth, and Families

Introduction

The Juvenile Court Movement

Philosophy and Purpose

Founding

The Early Question of Constitutionality

Supreme Court Decisions: New Procedural Directions

The Family Court Movement

The Criminal Court Movement

The Structure of the Legal System

Trial and Appellate Courts

Jurisdiction

Evidence

Standards of Proof

Indian Child Welfare Act: An Example of Federal Law Superseding State Law

Legal Matters in the Child Welfare System

Abuse, Neglect, Abandonment, or Dependency

Juvenile Delinquency

Status Offenses

Adoption

Guardianship

Paternity Establishment, Support, and Visitation

Child Custody, Support, and Visitation

Court Procedures

Processing the Abuse/Neglect or Delinquency Case in Juvenile or Family Court

How a Juvenile Offender Comes before the Criminal Court

Processing a Juvenile Offender in Criminal Court

The Role of the Caseworker in the Court Process

Critical Elements in Forensic Interviewing

Case Record Documentation

Example: Case Documentation

Example: Court Report

Testifying

Working with Other Professionals

Trends and Issues

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

6: Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect

Case Example: A Protective Services Investigation

Incidence

Aims and Special Attributes of Child Protective Services

Historical Development of Protective Services

Early Attitudes toward the Treatment of Children

Beginnings of Care for Neglected Children

Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

Who Should Do Protective Work?

The Rediscovery of Child Abuse: The Battered Child Syndrome

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

Shifting Priorities: Child Safety and Family Preservation

The Definitional Dilemma

Dimensions of Child Maltreatment

Cultural Attitudes

Reporting Child Maltreatment

Problems with the Reporting Law

Filing a Report

An Ecological View of Child Maltreatment

Social/Environmental Risk Factors

Parental Characteristics

Child Characteristics

Types of Child Maltreatment

Child Neglect

Types of Neglect

Child Abuse

Psychological Maltreatment

Sexual Abuse of Children

Consequences of Child Maltreatment

Child Fatalities

The Resilient Child

The Practice of Child Protection

Core Services of Child Protective Services

Decision Making in Child Protective Services

Assessing Risk and Safety

Protecting Children at Home or in Foster Care

Aspects of Community Support and Influence

Multidisciplinary Teams

Advocacy Organizations

Trends and Issues

Child Protective Services in a Comprehensive System

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

7. Family Preservation Services

Case Example: Using Intensive Family-Based Services to Prevent Placement

Controversy Concerning Family Preservation Philosophy and Services

Characteristics of Family Preservation Services

Principles of Family Preservation Services

Theoretical Base

Programs that Prevent Placement and Preserve Families

The Homebuilders Model

Other Models

Family Preservation and Domestic Violence

Family Preservation and Children's Mental Health Needs

Family Preservation for Substance-Affected Families

The Practice of Family-Based Services

Case Study: Protecting Children from Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence in a Rural Setting

Culturally Competent Family Preservation Services

Other Approaches that Help High-Risk Families

Treating Loneliness

Help with Reality Problems

Evaluation of Family Preservation Programs

Kinship Care as Family Preservation

The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among American Indian Families

The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among African American Families

Family Group Decision Making

Case Study of Mental Health Consumers

Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care

Trends and Issues

Assessment of Family Functioning

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

8. Foster Care: History, Laws, Policies, and Structure

Introduction

Why Children Are Placed in Care

Family Characteristics

Characteristics of Children in Care

Age, Ethnicity, and Other Variables

Basic Characteristics of Foster Care

Underlying Principles

Historical Development

Indenture, Almshouses, and Institutions

Orphan Trains and Free Foster Homes

The White House Conference on Children

Child Welfare Reforms in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries

Family Foster Care, A Response to Institutional Care

The Permanency Planning Movement

Family Preservation

Family Continuity and Kinship/Relative Care

Safety, Well-being, and Permanency

Residential Care — Renewed Interest

Federal Role in Child Welfare

Title IV of the Social Security Act

The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 as Amended by the Interethnic Placement Provisions of 1996

The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997

The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999

The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005

The Safe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster Children Act of 2006

The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006

The Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006

The Child and Family Services Review Process

State Role in Child Welfare

Policy Framework

Funding Framework

Service Delivery Framework

Foster Care Placement Options

Kinship/Relative Foster Care

Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care

Nonrelated Family Foster Care

Types of Family Foster Homes

Specialized and Treatment Foster Care

Shared Family Care

Residential Group Care

Agency Group Homes

Independent Living Services

Professional Issues in Foster Care

Staff Education, Training and Supervision

Conflicts in Providing Services to Children and Parents

Facilitating Effective Teamwork

Resource Availability

Foster Parent and Relative Caregiver Training and Monitoring

Protecting Children and Youth in Out-of-Home Care

Media or Advocacy Group Involvement

Monitoring and Oversight

Trends and Issues

Privatization and Managed Care

Minority Overrepresentation

Subsidized Guardianship

Paternal Relatives as Placement Options

Class Action Litigation

Chapter Summary

For Study and Discussion

Study and Discussion Questions

Internet Sites

References

Chapter 9: Foster Care Practice and Issues

Introduction

Standards for Decision Making