Intervention Strategies to Follow Informal Reading Inventory Assessment: So What Do I Do Now?, 3rd edition

Chapter One: An Overview of Reading Instruction for Struggling Readers     

Reading Instruction–Past and Present Perspectives           

Successful Intervention — A New Perspective

Principles of Effective Intervention Programs         

Current Issues

Summary   

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Two: Patterns of Reading Difficulty         

General Patterns        

Defining a Student’s Reading Level 

Reading Level: An Indicator of Problem Severity   

Reading Level: An Indicator of Word Identification Proficiency   

Reading Level: An Indicator of Comprehension Proficiency          

Designing the Intervention Focus     

Summary     

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Three: The Structure of Intervention Sessions

The Importance of Consistent Structure       

Individual Intervention Structures K-5

Group Intervention Structures K-5   

Intervention Structures 6-12

Classroom Intervention Structures That Foster the Growth of Struggling Readers

Designing Your Own Structure         

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings

 

Chapter Four: Phonological Awareness        

What Is Phonological Awareness and Why Is It Important?

The Importance of Rhyme   

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Rhyme Knowledge     

Phonological Awareness Instruction

The Importance of Phonemic Awareness     

Developing Phonemic Awareness Aurally   

Application to Writing

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Five: Word Identification Instruction: Phonics and More  

What Is Systematic Phonics Instruction?     

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Problems with Word Identification 

Guidelines for Exemplary Phonics Instruction        

Teaching Consonant Sounds Using Shared Reading

Procedures for Teaching Consonant Sounds Using Shared Reading

Teaching Vowel Sounds: Using Spelling Patterns to Read by Analogy      

The Importance of Cross-Checking  

How to Learn Words That Are Difficult to Decode 

Putting It All Together: Guided Reading      

Teacher Prompting during Oral Reading      

Application to Spelling

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Six: Word Identification Instruction: Fluency 

The Importance of Fluency   

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Lack of Fluency          

General Principles for Developing Fluency 

Instructional Activities for Developing Fluency      

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Seven: Prior Knowledge and Concept Development  

How Prior Knowledge Affects Comprehension       

How to Assess Prior Knowledge       

Building a Knowledge Base: Concept Development

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Eight: Vocabulary Learning

The Importance of Vocabulary Learning      

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Vocabulary Learning  

General Principles for Developing Vocabulary Learning    

Instructional Activities for Fostering Word Learning         

Application to Writing

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

Appendix

 

Chapter Nine: Comprehension Instruction: Retelling Narrative Text           

The Importance of Retelling

What is an Effective Retelling?

How is an Understanding of Narrative Structure Developed?         

The Informal Inventory as an Indicator of Ability to Retell Narrative Text

General Principles for Developing Narrative Retelling       

Biographies: Bridging Narrative and Expository Text        

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Writing

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary    

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Ten: Comprehension Instruction: Expository Retelling      

Retelling Expository Text     

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Ability to Retell Expository Text         

General Principles for Developing Effective Expository Retellings           

Instructional Strategies for Constructing Expository Retellings     

Expository Idea Map 

Main Idea Map          

Application to Writing

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

Appendix

 

Chapter Eleven: Comprehension Instruction: Answering Questions           

The Complexity of Answering Questions    

The Importance of Self-Questioning

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Ability to Answer Questions       

General Principles for Helping Students to Answer Questions       

Instructional Activities for Answering Questions    

Application to Writing

Application to English Language Learners   Application to Adolescent Learners          206

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Twelve: Comprehension Instruction: General Interactive Strategies

The Importance of Comprehension Strategies

The Informal Reading Inventory as an Indicator of Problems with Comprehension         

Frameworks for Interactive Teaching of Comprehension Strategies          

Application to Writing

Application to English Language Learners  

Application to Adolescent Learners 

Response to Intervention       

Summary       

References and Recommended Readings     

 

Chapter Thirteen: Pulling It All Together: Designing the Intervention Structure       

Primary Level

Intermediate Level    

Middle Level 

Generic Intervention Plan     

Summary       

Appendix Summary of Intervention Strategies        

Index