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Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 9th edition

Published by Pearson (January 14, 2021) © 2021

  • James F. Shackelford University of California, Davis

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For a first course in materials sciences and engineering taught in the departments of materials science, mechanical, civil and general engineering

A balanced, current treatment of the full spectrum of engineering materials

Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers covers all the physical properties, applications and relevant properties associated with engineering materials. It explores all major categories of materials while also offering detailed examinations of a wide range of new materials with high-tech applications.

Revised to reflect recent data and trends, the 9th Edition includes updated computer-generated crystal structure illustrations and new end-of-chapter conceptual problems.

Hallmark features of this title

  • The author employs an innovative approach that presents the basic concepts and then reinforces learning through interesting applications.
  • An emphasis on the fundamental role of materials in the engineering profession and society as a whole shows the connection between what students are learning about the field and the community in which they live.
  • The text emphasizes the concept of “Powers of 10.” Powers of 10 icons throughout the text highlight discussions that demonstrate the structure-property relationship.
  • Case Studies throughout the text heighten students' interest in concepts by applying them to popular-interest case studies.
  • Examples, practice problems and end-of-chapter homework problems provide opportunities for students to reinforce concepts.

New and updated features of this title

  • UPDATED: The text has been revised to reflect recent data, trends and information, including:
  • Updated discussions of the role of engineering materials in smartphones and tablets, increasingly ubiquitous parts of everyday life
  • Enhanced discussion of the nature of optical fibers in telecommunication
  • Refreshed and updated discussions of contemporary materials in modern engineering design, including an emphasis on the role of sustainability
  • UPDATED: State-of-the-art computer-generated crystal structure illustrations give students the most technically precise and visually realistic illustrations available. Where appropriate, images are now presented in full color to provide a more vibrant presentation of visual information.
  • NEW: End-of-chapter conceptual problems throughout the text help students further their understanding of the topics presented.

Features of Mastering for the 9th Edition

  • With Learning Catalytics™, you'll hear from every student when it matters most. You pose a variety of questions that help students recall ideas, apply concepts, and develop critical-thinking skills, and students respond using their own smartphones, tablets, or laptops.
  • Learning Outcomes Summaries track student- or class-level performance for both publisher- and instructor-provided learning outcomes. All assignable Mastering Engineering content has been tagged to ABET Learning Outcomes A, E & K. Mastering also enables instructors to add their own learning outcomes and associate those with Mastering Engineering content.
  • Algorithmic practice problems use the same scenarios as the book's homework problems.
  • UPDATED: All end-of-chapter problems in the text are now included in Mastering Engineering, offering students more opportunities to apply what they have learned.
  • NEW: Learning Objectives in each chapter give students clearer goals for the knowledge to be acquired.
  • Assignable Video Solutions offer complete, step-by-step solution walkthroughs of representative homework problems from the textbook. They provide additional assistance for homework or preparing for an exam, offering hours of valuable review when students need help the most.
  1. Materials for Engineering
    • 1.1 The Material World
    • 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering
    • 1.3 Six Materials That Changed Your World
      • STEEL BRIDGES—INTRODUCING METALS
      • TRANSPARENT OXIDES—INTRODUCING CERAMICS
      • SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS—INTRODUCING GLASSES
      • NYLON PARACHUTES—INTRODUCING POLYMERS
      • KEVLAR®-REINFORCED TIRES—INTRODUCING COMPOSITES
      • SILICON CHIPS—INTRODUCING SEMICONDUCTORS
    • 1.4 Processing and Selecting Materials
    • 1.5 Looking at Materials by Powers of Ten

PART I: The Fundamentals

  1. Atomic Bonding
    • 2.1 Atomic Structure
    • 2.2 The Ionic Bond
      • COORDINATION NUMBER
    • 2.3 The Covalent Bond
    • 2.4 The Metallic Bond
    • 2.5 The Secondary, or van der Waals, Bond
    • 2.6 Materials—The Bonding Classification
  2. Crystalline Structure—Perfection
    • 3.1 Seven Systems and Fourteen Lattices
    • 3.2 Metal Structures
    • 3.3 Ceramic Structures
  3. Crystal Defects and Noncrystalline Structure—Imperfection
    • 4.1 The Solid Solution—Chemical Imperfection
    • 4.2 Point Defects—Zero-Dimensional Imperfections
    • 4.3 Linear Defects, or Dislocations—One-Dimensional Imperfections
    • 4.4 Planar Defects—Two-Dimensional Imperfections
    • 4.5 Noncrystalline Solids—Three-Dimensional Imperfections
  4. Diffusion
    • 5.1 Thermally Activated Processes
    • 5.2 Thermal Production of Point Defects
    • 5.3 Point Defects and Solid-State Diffusion
    • 5.4 Steady-State Diffusion
    • 5.5 Alternate Diffusion Paths
  5. Mechanical Behavior
    • 6.1 Stress Versus Strain
      • METALS
      • CERAMICS AND GLASSES
      • POLYMERS
    • 6.2 Elastic Deformation
    • 6.3 Plastic Deformation
    • 6.4 Hardness
    • 6.5 Creep and Stress Relaxation
    • 6.6 Viscoelastic Deformation
      • INORGANIC GLASSES
      • ORGANIC POLYMERS
      • ELASTOMERS
  6. Thermal Behavior
    • 7.1 Heat Capacity
    • 7.2 Thermal Expansion
    • 7.3 Thermal Conductivity
    • 7.4 Thermal Shock
  7. Failure Analysis and Prevention
    • 8.1 Impact Energy
    • 8.2 Fracture Toughness
    • 8.3 Fatigue
    • 8.4 Nondestructive Testing
    • 8.5 Failure Analysis and Prevention
  8. Phase Diagrams—Equilibrium Microstructural Development
    • 9.1 The Phase Rule
    • 9.2 The Phase Diagram
      • COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION
      • EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH NO SOLID SOLUTION
      • EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH LIMITED SOLID SOLUTION
      • EUTECTOID DIAGRAM
      • PERITECTIC DIAGRAM
      • GENERAL BINARY DIAGRAMS
    • 9.3 The Lever Rule
    • 9.4 Microstructural Development During Slow Cooling
  9. Kinetics—Heat Treatment
    • 10.1 Time—The Third Dimension
    • 10.2 The TTT Diagram
      • DIFFUSIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS
      • DIFFUSIONLESS (MARTENSITIC) TRANSFORMATIONS
      • HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL
    • 10.3 Hardenability
    • 10.4 Precipitation Hardening
    • 10.5 Annealing
      • COLD WORK
      • RECOVERY
      • RECRYSTALLIZATION
      • GRAIN GROWTH
    • 10.6 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations for Nonmetals

PART II: Materials and Their Applications

  1. Structural Materials—Metals, Ceramics, and Glasses
    • 11.1 Metals
      • FERROUS ALLOYS
      • NONFERROUS ALLOYS
    • 11.2 Ceramics and Glasses
      • CERAMICS—CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS
      • GLASSES—NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS
      • GLASS-CERAMICS
    • 11.3 Processing the Structural Materials
      • PROCESSING OF METALS
      • PROCESSING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES
  2. Structural Materials—Polymers and Composites
    • 12.1 Polymers
      • POLYMERIZATION
      • STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF POLYMERS
      • THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
      • THERMOSETTING POLYMERS
      • ADDITIVES
    • 12.2 Composites
      • FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES
      • AGGREGATE COMPOSITES
      • PROPERTY AVERAGING
      • MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES
    • 12.3 Processing the Structural Materials
      • PROCESSING OF POLYMERS
      • PROCESSING OF COMPOSITES
  3. Electronic Materials
    • 13.1 Charge Carriers and Conduction
    • 13.2 Energy Levels and Energy Bands
    • 13.3 Conductors
      • THERMOCOUPLES
      • SUPERCONDUCTORS
    • 13.4 Insulators
      • FERROELECTRICS
      • PIEZOELECTRICS
    • 13.5 Semiconductors
      • INTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS
      • EXTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS
      • COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS
      • PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS
      • SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • 13.6 Composites
    • 13.7 Electrical Classification of Materials
  4. Optical and Magnetic Materials
    • 14.1 Optical Materials
      • OPTICAL PROPERTIES
      • OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND DEVICES
    • 14.2 Magnetic Materials
      • FERROMAGNETISM
      • FERRIMAGNETISM
      • METALLIC MAGNETS
      • CERAMIC MAGNETS
  5. Materials in Engineering Design
    • 15.1 Material Properties—Engineering Design Parameters
    • 15.2 Selection of Structural Materials—Case Studies
      • MATERIALS FOR HIP- AND KNEE-JOINT REPLACEMENT
      • METAL SUBSTITUTION WITH COMPOSITES
    • 15.3 Selection of Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials—Case Studies
      • LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE
      • GLASS FOR SMART PHONE AND TABLET TOUCH SCREENS
      • AMORPHOUS METAL FOR ELECTRIC-POWER DISTRIBUTION
    • 15.4 Materials and Our Environment
      • ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS
      • ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN
      • RECYCLING AND REUSE

APPENDICES

  1. Physical and Chemical Data for the Elements
  2. Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements
  3. Constants and Conversion Factors and the Periodic Table of Elements
  4. Properties of the Structural Materials
  5. Properties of the Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials
  6. Glossary

Answers to Practice Problems (PP) and Odd-Numbered Problems

Index

About our author

James F. Shackelford has BS and MS degrees in Ceramic Engineering from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at McMaster University in Canada, he joined the University of California, Davis, where he is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. For many years, he served as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies in the College of Engineering and later as the Director of the University Honors Program that serves students from a wide spectrum of majors. Dr. Shackelford also served as Associate Director for Education for the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology (CBST) and as Faculty Assistant to the Director of the McClellan Nuclear Research Center (MNRC) of UC Davis. He teaches and conducts research in the structural characterization and processing of materials, focusing on glasses and biomaterials. His current focus in teaching is doing so through online technologies. A member of the American Ceramic Society and ASM International, he was named a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society in 1992, was named a Fellow of ASM International in 2011, and received the Outstanding Educator Award of the American Ceramic Society in 1996 and the Albert Easton White Distinguished Teacher Award from ASM International in 2019. In 2003, he received a Distinguished Teaching Award from the Academic Senate of the University of California, Davis. In 2012, he received the Outstanding Teaching Award of the College of Engineering at UC Davis, and, in 2014, received an Outstanding Service Award from UC Davis Extension. In 2016, Professor Shackelford received the Inaugural Award for Outstanding Contributions to Materials Education at the North American Materials Education Symposium (NAMES) held at the University of California, Berkeley. He has published over 150 archived papers and books including Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers now in its 9th Edition and which has been translated into Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and Spanish.

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