Person, The: Readings in Human Nature

1. Plato                                                                                                   1

     1a. Phaedo 80c–84b                                                                                                            2

     1b. Phaedrus 246a–b, 253c–256e                                                                                       5

     1c. Republic 439c–442b                                                                                                      8

2. Aristotle                                                                                             11

     On the Soul,  ii.2, iii.4–5                                                                                                       12

3. Cicero                                                                                                17

     On Obligations I §§105–118                                                                                                18

4. Epictetus                                                                                            22

     4a. The Discourses i.2, i.29                                                                                                 23

     4b. The Handbook §17, §37                                                                                                29

5. Clement of Alexandria                                                                          30

     Protrepticus 10.110.2.2                                                                                                       31

6. Boethius                                                                                             32

     Contra Eutychen §§2–4                                                                                                       33

7. St Anselm                                                                                           38

     The Incarnation of the Word, §§ 8-16                                                                                  39

8. St Thomas Aquinas                                                                              47

     Summa Theologica, 1st Part, QQ. 29–30♦                                                                          48

9. John Duns Scotus                                                                                61

     Ordinatio, I, d.26, q.un., excerpt♦                                                                                         62

10. René Descartes                                                                                 67

     Treatise on Man, excerpt                                                                                                     68

11. Thomas Hobbes                                                                                 76

     Leviathan, 1st part, Chapter 16                                                                                            77

12. John Locke                                                                                        81

     An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ii.27 §§9–27                                                  82

13. J. O. de la Mettrie                                                                               91

     Man a Machine, excerpt                                                                                                        92

14. G. W. Leibniz                                                                                      97

     New Essays on the Human Understanding, excerpt                                                            98

15. David Hume                                                                                      108

     A Treatise of Human Nature, Book I, Part 4, §6                                                                  109

16. Immanuel Kant                                                                                   116

     16a. Critique of Pure Reason, 3rd Paralogism  of personality♦                                           117

     16b. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, excerpt                                            119

     16c. The Doctrine of Virtue, excerpts♦                                                                                121

17. Søren Kierkegaard                                                                            125

     The Sickness unto Death, excerpt                                                                                     126

18. Auguste Comte                                                                                 135

     The Positive Philosophy, excerpt                                                                                       136

19. F. W. Nietzsche                                                                               142

     19a. The Gay Science, §345                                                                                             143

     19b. Beyond Good and Evil, Part 1 §6, §§16–19, Part 2 §41, Part §3 54, Part §6 207     145

     19c. The Will to Power,  §886                                                                                             150

20. Simone Weil                                                                                     152

     “Human Personality”                                                                                                           153

21. Jean-Paul Sartre                                                                              168

     "Existentialism"                                                                                                                    169

22. P.F. Strawson                                                                                   177

       Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics, excerpt                                             178

23. C. D. Broad                                                                                       187

     “The Validity of Belief in a Personal God”                                                                             188

24. Richard Taylor                                                                                   199

     “The Anattá Doctrine and Personal Identity”                                                                        200

25. H. G. Frankfurt                                                                                 206

     “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person”♦                                                         207

26. M. A. Warren                                                                                    218

     “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion”                                                                       219

27. Daniel Dennett                                                                                  226

     “Conditions of Personhood”                                                                                                227

28. R. M. Smullyan                                                                                 241

     “Is God a Taoist?”                                                                                                              242

29. I. A. Menkiti                                                                                     255

     “Person and Community in African Traditional Thought”                                                   256

30. P. A. French                                                                                   263

     “The Corporation as a Moral Person”♦                                                                            264

31. Charles Taylor                                                                                275

     “The Concept of a Person”                                                                                              276

32. Roland Puccetti                                                                              288

      "The life of a Person"                                                                                                      289

33. Derek Parfit                                                                                  299

     Reasons and Persons, excerpts♦                                                                                 300

34. Mary Midgley                                                                                 313

     “Persons and Non-Persons”                                                                                           314

35. Gary Legenhausen                                                                         321

     “Is God a Person?”                                                                                                         322

36. A. O. Rorty                                                                                   336

     “Persons and Personae”                                                                                                337

37. R. G. A. Dolby                                                                              351

     “The Possibility of Computers becoming Persons,” excerpts                                       352

38. Troels Engberg-Pedersen                                                              365

     “Stoic Philosophy and the Concept of the Person”♦                                                      366

39. Oswald Hanfling                                                                           379

     “Machines as Persons?” excepts                                                                                  380

40. Raymond Martin                                                                           387

     “Was Spinoza a Person?”                                                                                            388

     Response by Nicholas Rescher                                                                                    393

41. W. O. Stephens                                                                           396

     “Masks, Androids, and Primates: The Evolution of the Concept ‘Person’”                  397

42. The Boyd Group                                                                          409

     “The Moral Status of Non-human Primates: Are Apes Persons?”                               410