Table of contents

Prepare for your exams

Upload your syllabus and get recommendations on what to study and when. No syllabus? Sharing your exam schedule works too.

Skip topic navigation

1. Introduction to Biochemistry(0)

What is Biochemistry?
(0)

Characteristics of Life
(0)

Abiogenesis
(0)

Nucleic Acids
(0)

Proteins
(0)

Carbohydrates
(0)

Lipids
(0)

Taxonomy
(0)

Cell Organelles
(0)

Endosymbiotic Theory
(0)

Central Dogma
(0)

Functional Groups
(0)

Chemical Bonds
(0)

Organic Chemistry
(0)

Entropy
(0)

Second Law of Thermodynamics
(0)

Equilibrium Constant
(0)

Gibbs Free Energy
(0)

2. Water(0)

Properties of Water
(0)

Osmosis
(0)

Hydrophobic Effect
(0)

Acids and Bases
(0)

Autoionization of Water
(0)

pH
(0)

Acid Dissociation Constant
(0)

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation
(0)

Determining Predominate Species
(0)

Titration
(0)

Buffer Solution
(0)

3. Amino Acids(0)

Amino Acid Groups
(0)

Amino Acid Three Letter Code
(0)

Amino Acid One Letter Code
(0)

Amino Acid Configuration
(0)

Essential Amino Acids
(0)

Nonpolar Amino Acids
(0)

Aromatic Amino Acids
(0)

Polar Amino Acids
(0)

Charged Amino Acids
(0)

How to Memorize Amino Acids
(0)

Zwitterion
(0)

Non-Ionizable Vs. Ionizable R-Groups
(0)

Isoelectric Point
(0)

Isoelectric Point of Amino Acids with Ionizable R-Groups
(0)

Titrations of Amino Acids with Non-Ionizable R-Groups
(0)

Titrations of Amino Acids with Ionizable R-Groups
(0)

Amino Acids and Henderson-Hasselbalch
(0)

4. Protein Structure(0)

Peptide Bond
(0)

Primary Structure of Protein
(0)

Altering Primary Protein Structure
(0)

Drawing a Peptide
(0)

Determining Net Charge of a Peptide
(0)

Isoelectric Point of a Peptide
(0)

Approximating Protein Mass
(0)

Peptide Group
(0)

Ramachandran Plot
(0)

Atypical Ramachandran Plots
(0)

Alpha Helix
(0)

Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise
(0)

Alpha Helix Hydrogen Bonding
(0)

Alpha Helix Disruption
(0)

Beta Strand
(0)

Beta Sheet
(0)

Antiparallel and Parallel Beta Sheets
(0)

Beta Turns
(0)

Tertiary Structure of Protein
(0)

Protein Motifs and Domains
(0)

Denaturation
(0)

Anfinsen Experiment
(0)

Protein Folding
(0)

Chaperone Proteins
(0)

Prions
(0)

Quaternary Structure
(0)

Simple Vs. Conjugated Proteins
(0)

Fibrous and Globular Proteins
(0)

5. Protein Techniques(0)

Protein Purification
(0)

Protein Extraction
(0)

Differential Centrifugation
(0)

Salting Out
(0)

Dialysis
(0)

Column Chromatography
(0)

Ion-Exchange Chromatography
(0)

Anion-Exchange Chromatography
(0)

Size Exclusion Chromatography
(0)

Affinity Chromatography
(0)

Specific Activity
(0)

HPLC
(0)

Spectrophotometry
(0)

Native Gel Electrophoresis
(0)

SDS-PAGE
(0)

SDS-PAGE Strategies
(0)

Isoelectric Focusing
(0)

2D-Electrophoresis
(0)

Diagonal Electrophoresis
(0)

Mass Spectrometry
(0)

Mass Spectrum
(0)

Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(0)

Peptide Mass Fingerprinting
(0)

Overview of Direct Protein Sequencing
(0)

Amino Acid Hydrolysis
(0)

FDNB
(0)

Chemical Cleavage of Bonds
(0)

Peptidases
(0)

Edman Degradation
(0)

Edman Degradation Sequenator and Sequencing Data Analysis
(0)

Edman Degradation Reaction Efficiency
(0)

Ordering Cleaved Fragments
(0)

Strategy for Ordering Cleaved Fragments
(0)

Indirect Protein Sequencing Via Geneomic Analyses
(0)

6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics(0)

Enzymes
(0)

Enzyme-Substrate Complex
(0)

Lock and Key Vs. Induced Fit Models
(0)

Optimal Enzyme Conditions
(0)

Activation Energy
(0)

Types of Enzymes
(0)

Cofactor
(0)

Catalysis
(0)

Electrostatic and Metal Ion Catalysis
(0)

Covalent Catalysis
(0)

Reaction Rate
(0)

Enzyme Kinetics
(0)

Rate Constants and Rate Law
(0)

Reaction Orders
(0)

Rate Constant Units
(0)

Initial Velocity
(0)

Vmax Enzyme
(0)

Km Enzyme
(0)

Steady-State Conditions
(0)

Michaelis-Menten Assumptions
(0)

Michaelis-Menten Equation
(0)

Lineweaver-Burk Plot
(0)

Michaelis-Menten vs. Lineweaver-Burk Plots
(0)

Shifting Lineweaver-Burk Plots
(0)

Calculating Vmax
(0)

Calculating Km
(0)

Kcat
(0)

Specificity Constant
(0)

7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation (0)

Enzyme Inhibition
(0)

Irreversible Inhibition
(0)

Reversible Inhibition
(0)

Inhibition Constant
(0)

Degree of Inhibition
(0)

Apparent Km and Vmax
(0)

Inhibition Effects on Reaction Rate
(0)

Competitive Inhibition
(0)

Uncompetitive Inhibition
(0)

Mixed Inhibition
(0)

Noncompetitive Inhibition
(0)

Recap of Reversible Inhibition
(0)

Allosteric Regulation
(0)

Allosteric Kinetics
(0)

Allosteric Enzyme Conformations
(0)

Allosteric Effectors
(0)

Concerted (MWC) Model
(0)

Sequential (KNF) Model
(0)

Negative Feedback
(0)

Positive Feedback
(0)

Post Translational Modification
(0)

Ubiquitination
(0)

Phosphorylation
(0)

Zymogens
(0)

8. Protein Function (0)

Introduction to Protein-Ligand Interactions
(0)

Protein-Ligand Equilibrium Constants
(0)

Protein-Ligand Fractional Saturation
(0)

Myoglobin vs. Hemoglobin
(0)

Heme Prosthetic Group
(0)

Hemoglobin Cooperativity
(0)

Hill Equation
(0)

Hill Plot
(0)

Hemoglobin Binding in Tissues & Lungs
(0)

Hemoglobin Carbonation & Protonation
(0)

Bohr Effect
(0)

BPG Regulation of Hemoglobin
(0)

Fetal Hemoglobin
(0)

Sickle Cell Anemia
(0)

Chymotrypsin
(0)

Chymotrypsin's Catalytic Mechanism
(0)

Glycogen Phosphorylase
(0)

Liver vs Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase
(0)

Antibody
(0)

ELISA
(0)

Motor Proteins
(0)

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
(0)

Skeletal Muscle Contraction
(0)

9. Carbohydrates(0)

Carbohydrates
(0)

Monosaccharides
(0)

Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides
(0)

Monosaccharide Configurations
(0)

Cyclic Monosaccharides
(0)

Hemiacetal vs. Hemiketal
(0)

Anomer
(0)

Mutarotation
(0)

Pyranose Conformations
(0)

Common Monosaccharides
(0)

Derivatives of Monosaccharides
(0)

Reducing Sugars
(0)

Reducing Sugars Tests
(0)

Glycosidic Bond
(0)

Disaccharides
(0)

Glycoconjugates
(0)

Polysaccharide
(0)

Cellulose
(0)

Chitin
(0)

Peptidoglycan
(0)

Starch
(0)

Glycogen
(0)

Lectins
(0)

10. Lipids(0)

Lipids
(0)

Fatty Acids
(0)

Fatty Acid Nomenclature
(0)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids
(0)

Triacylglycerols
(0)

Glycerophospholipids
(0)

Sphingolipids
(0)

Sphingophospholipids
(0)

Sphingoglycolipids
(0)

Sphingolipid Recap
(0)

Waxes
(0)

Eicosanoids
(0)

Isoprenoids
(0)

Steroids
(0)

Steroid Hormones
(0)

Lipid Vitamins
(0)

Comprehensive Final Lipid Map
(0)

Biological Membranes
(0)

Physical Properties of Biological Membranes
(0)

Types of Membrane Proteins
(0)

Integral Membrane Proteins
(0)

Peripheral Membrane Proteins
(0)

Lipid-Linked Membrane Proteins
(0)

11. Biological Membranes and Transport (0)

Biological Membrane Transport
(0)

Passive vs. Active Transport
(0)

Passive Membrane Transport
(0)

Facilitated Diffusion
(0)

Erythrocyte Facilitated Transporter Models
(0)

Membrane Transport of Ions
(0)

Primary Active Membrane Transport
(0)

Sodium-Potassium Ion Pump
(0)

SERCA: Calcium Ion Pump
(0)

ABC Transporters
(0)

Secondary Active Membrane Transport
(0)

Glucose Active Symporter Model
(0)

Endocytosis & Exocytosis
(0)

Neurotransmitter Release
(0)

Summary of Membrane Transport
(0)

Thermodynamics of Membrane Diffusion: Uncharged Molecule
(0)

Thermodynamics of Membrane Diffusion: Charged Ion
(0)

12. Biosignaling(0)

Introduction to Biosignaling
(0)

G protein-Coupled Receptors
(0)

Stimulatory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
(0)

cAMP & PKA
(0)

Inhibitory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
(0)

Drugs & Toxins Affecting GPCR Signaling
(0)

Recap of Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
(0)

Phosphoinositide GPCR Signaling
(0)

PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC
(0)

Recap of Phosphoinositide Signaling
(0)

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
(0)

Insulin
(0)

Insulin Receptor
(0)

Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism
(0)

Recap Of Insulin Signaling in Glucose Metabolism
(0)

Insulin Signaling as a Growth Factor
(0)

Recap of Insulin Signaling As A Growth Factor
(0)

Recap of Insulin Signaling
(0)

Jak-Stat Signaling
(0)

Lipid Hormone Signaling
(0)

Summary of Biosignaling
(0)

Signaling Defects & Cancer
(0)

Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes(0)

Nucleic Acids 1
(0)

Nucleic Acids 2
(0)

Nucleic Acids 3
(0)

Nucleic Acids 4
(0)

DNA Sequencing 1
(0)

DNA Sequencing 2
(0)

Lipids 1
(0)

Lipids 2
(0)

Membrane Structure 1
(0)

Membrane Structure 2
(0)

Membrane Transport 1
(0)

Membrane Transport 2
(0)

Membrane Transport 3
(0)

Practice - Nucleic Acids 1
(0)

Practice - Nucleic Acids 2
(0)

Practice - Nucleic Acids 3
(0)

Lipids
(0)

Practice - Membrane Structure 1
(0)

Practice - Membrane Structure 2
(0)

Practice - Membrane Transport 1
(0)

Practice - Membrane Transport 2
(0)

Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway(0)

Biosignaling 1
(0)

Biosignaling 2
(0)

Biosignaling 3
(0)

Biosignaling 4
(0)

Glycolysis 1
(0)

Glycolysis 2
(0)

Glycolysis 3
(0)

Glycolysis 4
(0)

Fermentation
(0)

Gluconeogenesis 1
(0)

Gluconeogenesis 2
(0)

Pentose Phosphate Pathway
(0)

Practice - Biosignaling
(0)

Practice - Bioenergetics 1
(0)

Practice - Bioenergetics 2
(0)

Practice - Glycolysis 1
(0)

Practice - Glycolysis 2
(0)

Practice - Gluconeogenesis
(0)

Practice - Pentose Phosphate Path
(0)

Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism(0)

Pyruvate Oxidation
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle 1
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle 2
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle 3
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle 4
(0)

Metabolic Regulation 1
(0)

Metabolic Regulation 2
(0)

Glycogen Metabolism 1
(0)

Glycogen Metabolism 2
(0)

Fatty Acid Oxidation 1
(0)

Fatty Acid Oxidation 2
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle Practice 1
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle Practice 2
(0)

Citric Acid Cycle Practice 3
(0)

Glucose and Glycogen Regulation Practice 1
(0)

Glucose and Glycogen Regulation Practice 2
(0)

Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 1
(0)

Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 2
(0)

Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation(0)

Amino Acid Oxidation 1
(0)

Amino Acid Oxidation 2
(0)

Oxidative Phosphorylation 1
(0)

Oxidative Phosphorylation 2
(0)

Oxidative Phosphorylation 3
(0)

Oxidative Phosphorylation 4
(0)

Photophosphorylation 1
(0)

Photophosphorylation 2
(0)

Photophosphorylation 3
(0)

Practice: Amino Acid Oxidation 1
(0)

Practice: Amino Acid Oxidation 2
(0)

Practice: Oxidative Phosphorylation 1
(0)

Practice: Oxidative Phosphorylation 2
(0)

Practice: Oxidative Phosphorylation 3
(0)

Practice: Photophosphorylation 1
(0)

Practice: Photophosphorylation 2
(0)

8. Protein Function

Introduction to Protein-Ligand Interactions

8. Protein Function

Introduction to Protein-Ligand Interactions: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Introduction to Protein-Ligand Interactions Practice Problems

20 problems

Problem 1Multiple Choice

What is a ligand in the context of protein-ligand interactions?

views

Problem 2Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates protein-ligand interactions from enzyme-substrate interactions?

views

Problem 3Multiple Choice

What do the equilibrium arrows in a protein-ligand interaction indicate?

views

Problem 4Multiple Choice

In protein-ligand interactions, what does the association rate constant (ka) represent?

views

Problem 5Multiple Choice

If the association rate constant (ka) is 5 x 10^6 M^-1s^-1 and the dissociation rate constant (kd) is 1 x 10^-3 s^-1, what is the ratio ka/kd and what does it indicate?

views

Problem 6Multiple Choice

Why are lowercase letters used to denote rate constants in protein-ligand interactions?

views

Problem 7Multiple Choice

In a drug design scenario, why is it important to consider the ratio of ka/kd for a potential drug candidate?

views

Problem 8Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a similarity between protein-ligand interactions and enzyme-substrate interactions?

views

Problem 9Multiple Choice

How do the principles of protein-ligand interactions provide a foundation for understanding signal transduction pathways in cells?

views

Problem 10Multiple Choice

Why is the dissociation rate constant (kd) critical in evaluating the stability of a protein-ligand complex?

views

Problem 11Multiple Choice

In protein-ligand interactions, what is the role of the ligand?

views

Problem 12Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key difference between protein-ligand and enzyme-substrate interactions?

views

Problem 13Multiple Choice

What does the presence of equilibrium arrows in a protein-ligand interaction diagram signify?

views

Problem 14Multiple Choice

What does the dissociation rate constant (kd) represent in protein-ligand interactions?

views

Problem 15Multiple Choice

If the association rate constant (ka) is 2 x 10^7 M^-1s^-1 and the dissociation rate constant (kd) is 2 x 10^-4 s^-1, what is the ratio ka/kd and what does it indicate?

views

Problem 16Multiple Choice

What is the significance of using lowercase letters for rate constants in protein-ligand interactions?

Problem 17Multiple Choice

In the context of pharmacology, why is it important to consider the dissociation rate constant (kd) of a drug when designing a new therapeutic agent?

Problem 18Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a similarity between protein-ligand interactions and enzyme-substrate interactions?

views

Problem 19Multiple Choice

How do the principles of protein-ligand interactions provide a foundation for understanding receptor-ligand binding in pharmacology?

Problem 20Multiple Choice

Why is the association rate constant (ka) important in evaluating the efficiency of a protein-ligand interaction?

Zymogens Practice Problems Protein-Ligand Equilibrium Constants Practice Problems

Download the Mobile app

Accessibility

Privacy

Do not sell my personal information