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Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 20, Problem 5

Which of the following is true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?
a. The procedure to make it requires amplification by the polymerase chain reaction.
b. It is produced from pre-mRNA using reverse transcriptase.
c. It can be labeled and used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain.
d. It includes the introns of the pre-mRNA.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand that cDNA, or complementary DNA, is synthesized from an mRNA template using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This process involves converting RNA sequences into DNA sequences.
Recognize that cDNA does not contain introns. Introns are non-coding regions found in pre-mRNA, but they are removed during mRNA processing before reverse transcription occurs.
Consider the role of cDNA in gene expression studies. cDNA can be labeled and used as a probe to detect specific genes that are actively expressed in a particular tissue, such as the brain.
Note that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not required for the initial synthesis of cDNA. PCR is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences, but cDNA synthesis itself does not involve amplification.
Evaluate the options given: (A) is incorrect because PCR is not needed for cDNA synthesis; (B) is correct because cDNA is produced from mRNA using reverse transcriptase; (C) is correct because cDNA can be used as a probe; (D) is incorrect because cDNA does not include introns.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

cDNA

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from an mRNA template using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This process involves converting the single-stranded mRNA into double-stranded DNA, which represents only the expressed genes without introns, as introns are removed during mRNA processing.

Reverse Transcriptase

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to generate cDNA from an RNA template. It catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from RNA, allowing researchers to study gene expression by creating a stable DNA copy of the mRNA present in cells, which can be further analyzed or used in various applications.
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1) Initiation of Transcription

Gene Expression Analysis

Gene expression analysis involves studying the patterns of genes that are actively transcribed into mRNA in a cell or tissue. cDNA can be labeled and used as a probe to detect specific genes expressed in tissues like the brain, helping researchers understand which genes are active under certain conditions or in specific tissues.
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Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

a. Electrophoresis — Separation of DNA fragments

b. DNA ligase — Cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments

c. DNA polymerase — Polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA

d. Reverse transcriptase — Production of cDNA from mRNA

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Textbook Question

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

a. Plant genes do not contain introns.

b. More vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells.

c. A somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant.

d. Plant cells have larger nuclei.

2111
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Textbook Question

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

a. SNP analysis

b. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

c. Electroporation

d. Gel electrophoresis

1711
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Textbook Question

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

a. Post-transcriptional processing.

b. Post-translational processing.

c. Nucleic acid hybridization.

d. Restriction fragment ligation.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

a. AAGG TTCC

b. GGCC CCGG

c. ACCA TGGT

d. AAAA TTTT

1437
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