Heartwood and sapwood consist of
a. Bark
b. Periderm
c. Secondary xylem
d. Secondary phloem

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of a tree: Trees have several layers including bark, periderm, xylem, and phloem. Each layer has a specific function and composition.
2. Identify the role of xylem: Xylem is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the tree. It is divided into heartwood and sapwood.
3. Differentiate between heartwood and sapwood: Heartwood is the central, non-living part of the tree, providing structural support. Sapwood is the outer, living part of the xylem, actively involved in transport.
4. Recognize the composition of heartwood and sapwood: Both heartwood and sapwood are composed of secondary xylem, which is formed during the secondary growth of the tree.
5. Conclude that heartwood and sapwood consist of secondary xylem, which is option c.

Key Concepts

Heartwood and Sapwood

Heartwood and sapwood are parts of a tree's secondary xylem. Heartwood is the central, non-living part that provides structural support, while sapwood is the outer, living part that transports water and nutrients. Understanding their roles helps in identifying the correct answer related to tree anatomy.

Secondary Xylem

Secondary xylem is the tissue responsible for water conduction and structural support in woody plants. It forms through the process of secondary growth, which increases the girth of stems and roots. Heartwood and sapwood are both components of secondary xylem, crucial for understanding their function in trees.

Tree Anatomy

Tree anatomy includes various layers such as bark, periderm, secondary xylem, and secondary phloem. Each layer has distinct functions, with secondary xylem being vital for water transport and support. Recognizing these layers helps in distinguishing between heartwood and sapwood and their respective roles.