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Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology
Freeman - Biological Science 8th Edition
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 53, Problem 14

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.
This box-and-arrow model summarizes some of the feedback links observed in the Amazon rain forest. Select True or False for the statements that follow, based on whether they are represented by the model. (Note that the boxes and arrows in this model are used differently than those in the nutrient cycle models).

T/F The burning of fossil fuels increases atmospheric CO2.
T/F Tree growth reduces atmospheric CO2.
T/F The death of trees promotes the invasion of grasses.
T/F An increase in CO2 increases the frequency of droughts.
T/F Drought increases the frequency of forest fires.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Examine the model to identify the relationship between burning fossil fuels and atmospheric CO2. The model shows an arrow from 'Burning fossil fuels' to 'Atmospheric CO2', indicating that burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric CO2. Therefore, the statement 'The burning of fossil fuels increases atmospheric CO2' is True.
Look at the connection between 'Tree growth' and 'Atmospheric CO2'. The model shows a red arrow from 'Tree growth' to 'Atmospheric CO2', indicating a negative feedback where tree growth reduces atmospheric CO2. Thus, the statement 'Tree growth reduces atmospheric CO2' is True.
Analyze the link between 'Tree death' and 'Grass invasion'. The model shows an arrow from 'Tree death' to 'Grass invasion', suggesting that the death of trees promotes the invasion of grasses. Therefore, the statement 'The death of trees promotes the invasion of grasses' is True.
Investigate the relationship between 'Atmospheric CO2' and 'Droughts'. The model does not show a direct arrow from 'Atmospheric CO2' to 'Droughts', indicating that an increase in CO2 does not directly increase the frequency of droughts. Hence, the statement 'An increase in CO2 increases the frequency of droughts' is False.
Examine the connection between 'Droughts' and 'Forest fires'. The model shows an arrow from 'Droughts' to 'Forest fires', indicating that drought increases the frequency of forest fires. Therefore, the statement 'Drought increases the frequency of forest fires' is True.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. The burning of fossil fuels releases significant amounts of CO2, which increases atmospheric concentrations and exacerbates global warming. Understanding this relationship is crucial for analyzing how human activities impact ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest.
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Pollution and Climate Change

Tree Growth and Carbon Sequestration

Tree growth plays a vital role in carbon sequestration, the process by which trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it as biomass. This natural mechanism helps mitigate climate change by reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The feedback loop illustrated in the model shows that healthy tree growth can counteract some effects of increased CO2.
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Ecosystem Feedback Loops

Ecosystem feedback loops describe how changes in one component of an ecosystem can influence others, creating a cycle of effects. In the Amazon rainforest, factors like droughts, tree death, and forest fires interact in complex ways, leading to either positive feedback (amplifying changes) or negative feedback (dampening changes). Understanding these interactions is essential for predicting the ecosystem's response to environmental stressors.
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Negative Feedback
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

Which of the following biomes typically has the highest net primary productivity?

a. Temperate forest

b. Tropical dry forest

c. Tropical grassland

d. Tropical wet forest

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Textbook Question

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

Select True or False for each statement about the effects of clear-cutting on the Amazon rain forest, then explain your reasoning.

T/F Nutrient export is likely to decline.

T/F Atmospheric CO2 is likely to decline.

T/F Soil moisture is likely to decline.

T/F Species diversity is likely to decline.

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Textbook Question

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

Researchers have measured the effects of periodic forest fires on primary productivity in Amazon rain forest plots, comparing years with average precipitation and years with severe drought. Propose which controls would be necessary for such studies.

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Textbook Question

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

Many studies have raised the concern that positive feedback loops among numerous variables in the Amazon will cause an ecosystem tipping point—a rapid and irreversible transition from forest to grassland. Use the model in Question 14 as a tool to summarize a possible sequence of effects that could cause a transition from forest to grassland.

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Textbook Question

Scientists around the world are collaborating to understand how deforestation, climate change, and natural processes will interact to affect one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Journalists must be concise when reporting science news. Why might journalists and the public struggle to understand and discuss ecosystems ecology and global warming?

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