Which primary function do chloroplasts perform in plant and algal cells?

• A. They package and modify proteins for secretion via the endomembrane system.
• B. They synthesize ATP primarily through oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
• C. They carry out photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
• D. They store and transmit genetic information as the cell’s main repository of DNA.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the organelle in question: chloroplasts are found in plant and algal cells and are specialized for a particular function.
2. Recall the main functions of the options given: - Packaging and modifying proteins is a function of the Golgi apparatus. - Synthesizing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation is primarily done by mitochondria. - Storing and transmitting genetic information is the role of the nucleus.
3. Understand that chloroplasts contain pigments like chlorophyll that capture light energy.
4. Recognize that chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy by synthesizing sugars through the process of photosynthesis.
5. Conclude that the primary function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.