In the context of control of the cell cycle, what is the primary role of cell-cycle checkpoints (e.g., G1/S, G2/M, and the spindle assembly checkpoint)?

• A. They ensure cytokinesis occurs by synthesizing new plasma membrane and cell wall material at the cleavage furrow.
• B. They generate ATP required for mitotic spindle movement by increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during M phase.
• C. They monitor key conditions (DNA integrity, completion of replication, and proper chromosome attachment) and can delay progression to allow repair or prevent division when errors are detected.
• D. They directly catalyze DNA replication by functioning as DNA polymerases at replication forks.

Answer: (C)