Reasonable Adjustments 2025-2026
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Hello and welcome to the Functional Skills Blog for October 2025. This month we will be looking at Reasonable Adjustments. The purpose of this blog is to provide guidance on what adjustments can be made. This is an update on the blog for 2024-25 and includes two important changes.
What has changed?
1. Entry level writing and scribes
Pearson has consulted with centres about how we set up the use of scribes for Entry Level Writing. Last year, scribes were allowed if the learners spelt out each word letter by letter. Moving forwards, we will allow learners to spell out each word and gain access to the full range of marks or scribe word by word and lose access to the spelling marks on the extended writing questions.
In addition to this, we would expect letter by letter spelling for the spelling tests on all levels and for the questions about the use of plurals on Entry 2 and Entry 3 assessments.
The Entry Level Scribe Cover Sheet has now been adjusted to reflect this.
Entry Level Functional Skills - Scribe Cover Sheet
2. Evidencing 25% extra time
From September 2025 an application for 25% extra time must be supplemented by samples of evidence for inspection purposes:
- a sample of internal tests, mock exam papers across relevant subjects showing the application of 25% extra time
- comments and observations from teaching staff in relevant subjects as to why the candidate needs 25% extra time and how they use the 25% extra time awarded.
Evidence must demonstrate both:
- the need for 25% extra time; and
- the student’s normal way of working in timed tasks and assessments.
This has always been required. The 2025-26 JCQ regulations simply make these expectations more explicit, ensuring fairness and consistency across all centres.
Acceptable forms of evidence
Colleges do not need to create additional burdensome processes. Evidence should be drawn from naturally occurring work within existing teaching and assessment practice. Examples include:
- Timed classroom assessments: short tests, past paper extracts or timed written tasks.
- Mock exam papers (where available).
- Simple recording methods: e.g. change of pen colour or change of font to show where the extra time was applied.
- Teacher observations and comments: staff noting how the student uses their extra time in lessons or assessments.
Practical considerations for colleges
- New students in September: Where students arrive without prior documentation, colleges should gather early evidence through short, timed classroom tasks and teacher feedback. Full mock exams are not required.
- Range of qualifications: Evidence does not need to come from every subject studied. A sample from relevant curriculum areas is sufficient.
- Tutor workload: Embedding the process into existing practice is key. Evidence can be collected at the point of marking or feedback of existing tests or assessments.
- Deadlines: For qualifications with October deadlines (e.g. BTECs), colleges should prioritise short, practical evidence gathering. A simple class test, annotated with a note on the application of extra time, is sufficient. Applications can be made after the deadline of 21 October.
Rest breaks
Samples of work showing the application of supervised rest breaks are not required. Where a candidate has an impairment other than a learning difficulty and 25% extra time is awarded rather than supervised rest breaks, e.g. a medical condition, the need for 25% extra time would be explained that supervised rest breaks were explored, trialled but proved to be ineffective and not appropriate to the student’s needs. This would be supported by teacher feedback.
Examples of qualifications and the assessment evidence required
| Qualification Type | Assessment Evidence Required |
| Level 1 Functional Skills English and/or Mathematics | One piece of assessment evidence. |
| Level 2 Functional Skills English and/or Mathematics | One piece of assessment evidence. |
| Student moves from Level 1 Functional Skills English and/or Mathematics to Level 2 Functional Skills English and/or Mathematics | Updated teacher feedback is not required. Updated assessment evidence is not required. |
| Student moves from a Level 1 or Level 2 Functional Skills English and/or Mathematics qualification to a GCSE English Language and/or Mathematics qualification | Updated teacher feedback is not required but updated assessment evidence is. One piece of assessment evidence relating to the GCSE course which could be a timed classroom assessment or, where available, a mock examination. |
Summary
These requirements do not represent a change in processes but rather reinforce what has always been expected: applications for 25% extra time are supported by evidence of need and evidence of the student’s normal way of working.
Ongoing access arrangement
Modified papers
The standard font for Pearson’s Functional Skills assessments is Arial Bold font with 1.5 line spacing and the colour is always black. Pearson offers the following modified papers for its Functional Skills assessments:
- Unified English Braille (UEB) - Grade 1
- Unified English Braille (UEB) - Grade2
- Interactive Electronic Question Paper
- Tactile Diagrams
- A4 18pt
- A4 24pt
- A3 24pt
- A3 36pt
To place an order for modified papers for Functional Skills On Demand assessments we require the following information by email (additional_requirements@pearson.com):
- Centre Number
- Candidate Registration Number
- Candidate Surname
- Subject
- Level
- Date of Assessment
- Modification
For Functional Skills Level 1 & 2 On Demand exams we require a minimum of 4-8 weeks’ notice, and the exam must be booked before you place your order with us. This is so we can ensure that the candidate receives the correct set number that has been allocated to the booking. If this is not possible, we may send an alternative set, depending on how much notice has been given.
For Entry Level Functional Skills exams, we require around 8-10 weeks’ notice. As the Entry Level exams are internally assessed, no official booking is required but we require the proposed exam date, so we know what we are working towards.
This timeframe is because these are made to order and depending on what modification your candidate requires, we may not have produced this before.
Coloured paper and coloured overlays
Using coloured paper or coloured overlays is centre delegated so Pearson does not need to be informed in advance. You can do this on the hard copy of the assessment you are sent or you can request a PDF version.
Requests for PDF copies of Standard A4 Papers for printing on coloured/squared paper should be sent to our Customer Service Team at examsofficers@pearson.com or you can call them on 03444632535.
They will be able to arrange this for you with the Secure Print Team. This will be sent by the Secure Print Team via Secure File Transfer on the day of the exam, 90 minutes before the allocated start time.
If you require a modified large print paper and you need it on coloured paper, you can request this when you email your order in to us and we can send you the PDF copy of whichever large print paper your learner needs.
Reasonable adjustments
The following table shows the reasonable adjustments that can be made for the different aspects of Functional Skills. However, such adjustments must not affect the reliability or validity of assessment outcomes or give the candidate an assessment advantage over other candidates undertaking the same or similar assessments.
| Adjustment | Reading | Writing | Maths | Digital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human reader | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Computer reader | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Dictionaries and bilingual dictionaries | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Sign language interpreter | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Scribe | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Speech recognition technology | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Word Processor | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Practical Assistant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Models and Visual/Tacticle Aids | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| External Device to load personal settings | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
For reading, a human reader cannot be used to demonstrate the requirements of the reading standards as this does not meet the requirement for independence. Learners are allowed access to a computer-based reader or a reading pen. A computer reader may be used in the Reading component of Functional Skills English where its use reflects the candidate’s normal way of reading. A computer reader is an acceptable arrangement since it still allows the candidate to independently meet the requirements of the reading standards. As a last resort, an exemption from the Reading component can be requested for a disabled candidate who cannot use assistive technology.
For writing, if a candidate uses a word processor, Spell and grammar checkers must be disabled. Candidates have full access to SPAG marks. Learners can use a scribe if needed. At all levels learners can either spell out the words and punctuation or not. If they do not, they will be automatically demoted a band for Level 1 and 2 and lose access to the spelling marks in the extended writing questions. The scribe cover sheet must be used to record which skills the candidate has demonstrated independently. This would be the same for Speech Recognition Technology. Learners with a scribe should apply for 50% extra time too.
For Speaking, Listening and Communicating, Sign Language (i.e., BSL, SSE) is permissible provided this is made accessible to all participants in the discussion. (It is recognised that BSL is a language in its own right and not a form of English. BSL is, however, permitted as an alternative to English for the assessment of Speaking, Listening and Communicating where BSL is the candidate’s normal way of communicating in the contexts described by the standards.)
No other languages are permitted as alternatives to English. Similarly, access to augmentative speech equipment is permissible where it reflects the candidate’s normal way of working.
As a last resort, candidates who have no accessible means of communication may request an exemption from the Speaking, Listening and Communication component.
Eligibility
To be eligible for the following access arrangements please see the requirements below:
Computer reader/Human reader
SENCo fills in the form explaining the candidate’s need and the normal way of working.
Exemptions
These must not undermine the integrity of the qualification; only be granted as a last resort when no other access arrangement is available; apply only to whole components where the candidate cannot demonstrate any of the skills; An exemption will not be granted if an alternative and accessible route through a qualification is available to the candidate.
Extra time 25%
Results must be given as standardised scores. The candidate must have two below average standardised scores of 84 or less or one score of 84 or less and one score between 85-89 relating to two different areas of speed of working. For Entry Level assessments, this is centre delegated, but evidence needs to be kept on file. For external assessments (Level 1 and 2), this now needs to be applied for in advance.
Extra time over 25%
Results must be given as standardised scores. So as not to give an unfair advantage, only very substantially below average standardised scores of 69 or less are acceptable. The candidate must have two very substantially below average standardised scores which relate to two different areas of speed of working as below. A candidate who has a physical, a sensory or multi-sensory impairment that very substantially hinders his/her speed of working.
Practical Assistant in practical assessments
Detailed information must be provided listing the tasks which the practical assistant would perform. This will allow Pearson to ensure that the assessment objectives are not compromised.
Practical Assistant in written papers
Detailed information must be provided listing the tasks which the practical assistant would perform. This will allow Pearson to ensure that the assessment objectives are not compromised. Where approved, the practical assistant will carry out practical tasks at the instruction of the candidate.
Scribe/speech recognition technology
For examination purposes, a substantial impairment is interpreted as the candidate having: a spelling accuracy score in the below average range (a standardised score of 84 or less) where target words are unrecognisable and the writing is incomprehensible; confirm that the candidate has persistent and significant writing difficulties and is disabled within the meaning of the Equality Act 2010; include evidence of the candidate’s current difficulties and how they substantially impact on teaching and learning in the classroom; show the involvement of teaching staff in determining the need for a scribe
Other adjustments
Where a candidate whose disability has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on him/her, other adjustments, which are not listed, may be required. The centre should, in the first instance, contact us at the earliest opportunity to discuss the candidate’s particular needs.
Evidence
The evidence you provide us with needs to be within the last 26 months unless it is for a life-long condition. The centre needs to advise us in writing this is the learner’s normal way of working. The standardised slow processing scores will tell us if they need a reader/scribe/extra time.
The evidence would need to be kept on file for 26 months from the application date, as the application is valid for 26 months. There is no need to apply per Functional Skill. There is just one application for Functional Skills as a whole.
If you have any questions or concerns about reasonable adjustments, please do not hesitate to get in touch with us here at Pearson.