Which primary function is performed by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Generate ATP through cellular respiration (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation)
• B. Store genetic information as the cell’s main repository of DNA in the nucleus
• C. Package and sort proteins for secretion via the Golgi apparatus
• D. Synthesize proteins by translating mRNA on ribosomes in the cytosol

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the main organelle mentioned in the question: mitochondria, which are found in eukaryotic cells.
2. Recall the primary function of mitochondria, which is related to energy production within the cell.
3. Understand that mitochondria generate ATP, the cell's energy currency, through a process called cellular respiration, specifically oxidative phosphorylation.
4. Differentiate this function from other cellular processes: storing genetic information is primarily the role of the nucleus; packaging and sorting proteins is done by the Golgi apparatus; and protein synthesis by translating mRNA occurs on ribosomes.
5. Conclude that the primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP through cellular respiration, making this the correct answer.