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The average adult male has a total blood volume of 5.0 L. After drinking a few beers, he has a BAC of 0.10 (see Exercise 4.65). What mass of alcohol is circulating in his blood?
Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 69a
(a) Which will have the highest concentration of potassium ions: 0.20 M KCl, 0.15 M K2CrO4, or 0.080 M K3PO4?
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Identify the number of potassium ions (K^+) each compound releases in solution: KCl releases 1 K^+, K_2CrO_4 releases 2 K^+, and K_3PO_4 releases 3 K^+.
Calculate the concentration of potassium ions for each solution by multiplying the molarity of the compound by the number of potassium ions it releases: For KCl, it's 0.20 M * 1; for K_2CrO_4, it's 0.15 M * 2; for K_3PO_4, it's 0.080 M * 3.
Compare the calculated concentrations of potassium ions from each solution.
Determine which solution has the highest concentration of potassium ions based on the comparison.
Conclude which compound provides the highest concentration of potassium ions in solution.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into their constituent ions. For example, KCl dissociates into K⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, while K₂CrO₄ dissociates into 2 K⁺ and CrO₄²⁻ ions. Understanding how many ions each compound produces upon dissociation is crucial for determining the concentration of potassium ions in solution.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
Molarity and Ion Concentration
Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To find the concentration of potassium ions in each solution, one must multiply the molarity of the compound by the number of potassium ions produced per formula unit during dissociation. This calculation allows for a direct comparison of potassium ion concentrations across different solutions.
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Comparative Concentration Analysis
To determine which solution has the highest concentration of potassium ions, one must compare the total potassium ion concentration derived from each solution's molarity and dissociation. This involves calculating the effective concentration of K⁺ ions for each compound and identifying the highest value, which reflects the solution with the greatest availability of potassium ions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
(a) How many grams of ethanol, CH3CH2OH, should you dissolve in water to make 1.00 L of vodka (which is an aqueous solution that is 6.86 M ethanol)? (b) Using the density of ethanol (0.789 g/mL), calculate the volume of ethanol you need to make 1.00 L of vodka.
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Open Question
In a sugar tolerance test, a patient needs to drink a glucose (C6H12O6) solution containing 100g glucose. Given that one cup is 350 mL, calculate the molarity of glucose in the glucose solution.
Textbook Question
(b) Which will contain the greater number of moles of potassium ion: 30.0 mL of 0.15 M K2CrO4 or 25.0 mL of 0.080 M K3PO4
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Textbook Question
Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solutions: (a) 0.35 M K3PO4 (b) 1.3×10−2 M MgSO4 (c) 0.0184 M CH3CH2OH
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Textbook Question
Ignoring protolysis reactions, indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solutions: (d) a mixture of 45.0 mL of 0.272 M NaCl and 65.0 mL of 0.0247 M (NH4)2CO3. Assume that the volumes are additive.
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