Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alkanes and cycloalkanes:
c.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent chain: Look for the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the structure. If the structure is a cycloalkane, identify the ring as the parent structure.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain or ring: Start numbering from the end or position that gives the substituents the lowest possible numbers.
3. Identify and name the substituents: Look for any alkyl groups or other substituents attached to the parent chain or ring. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the parent chain or ring.
4. Combine the names: Write the name of the compound by listing the substituents in alphabetical order, followed by the name of the parent chain or ring. Use prefixes like di-, tri-, etc., if there are multiple identical substituents, and separate numbers with commas and numbers from words with hyphens.
5. Check for any special rules: Ensure that the name follows all IUPAC naming conventions, such as using 'cyclo-' for cyclic structures or ensuring the correct placement of substituents for the lowest numbering.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, particularly organic molecules. It provides rules for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes based on the number of carbon atoms, the presence of branches, and functional groups. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the structure of organic compounds.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with single bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Recognizing the structure and properties of alkanes is crucial for determining their IUPAC names and understanding their chemical behavior.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are a class of hydrocarbons that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure, with single bonds between them. They follow the general formula CnH2n, which differs from alkanes due to the cyclic nature of their structure. Identifying cycloalkanes and applying the correct nomenclature rules is vital for naming these compounds accurately.