Persistent viral infections such as (a) ________ might be caused by (b) ________ that are (c) ________.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of persistent viral infections. These are infections where the virus remains in the host for a long period, often without causing immediate symptoms, and can evade the immune system.
2. Step 2: Identify examples of persistent viral infections. Common examples include viruses like HIV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
3. Step 3: Recognize the cause of persistent infections. These infections are often caused by viruses that can integrate into the host genome or establish latency, allowing them to persist.
4. Step 4: Define the nature of the viruses causing persistence. Such viruses are typically described as latent or slow-replicating, meaning they can remain dormant or replicate at low levels to avoid immune detection.
5. Step 5: Summarize the answer by filling in the blanks: (a) an example of a persistent viral infection, (b) the type of virus causing it, and (c) the characteristic of the virus that allows persistence.

Key Concepts

Persistent Viral Infections

Persistent viral infections occur when a virus remains in the host for extended periods, often evading the immune system. These infections can be latent or chronic, causing ongoing or recurring symptoms, as seen in diseases like HIV or herpes simplex virus.

Viral Pathogens

Viral pathogens are viruses that cause disease by infecting host cells and replicating within them. Understanding the specific virus involved is crucial, as different viruses have unique mechanisms for persistence and immune evasion.

Mechanisms of Viral Persistence

Viruses persist by mechanisms such as latency, immune system evasion, or integration into the host genome. These strategies allow viruses to avoid clearance, maintain infection, and sometimes reactivate, contributing to chronic disease.