This study suggests a form of sentience (the capacity to experience feelings and sensations) in bumble bees. How might these findings impact conservation policies?

What is a biodiversity “hotspot”?

a. an area where an all-taxon survey is under way

b. a habitat with high NPP

c. an area with high species richness and high threat to those species

The population size of mountain pine beetles in the American Northwest has long been held in check by freezing temperatures during the winters. As winters warm, populations of pine beetles are increasing, killing whitebark pine forest. Grizzly bears rely on the nuts of whitebark pine trees. Do you think climate change is affecting the fitness of the grizzly bear population?

a. No, because climate change is affecting the beetles, not the bears.

b. Yes, because climate change is decreasing the food supply of the bears, which means they will be less strong.

c. Yes, because climate change is decreasing the food supply of the bears, which is likely to reduce their ability to survive or reproduce.

Human impacts such as habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution are causing a rapid decline in insect diversity. Pose an argument for why conservation efforts to preserve plant diversity, like Homegrown National Park, are essential for conserving insect diversity.

What does ecosystem service refer to? Select True or False for each statement.

T/FBenefits that humans derive from organisms and ecosystems.

T/FBenefits that non-human animals derive from their prey.

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO₂ in Earth’s atmosphere over the past 170 years is

a. Increased worldwide primary production

b. Increased worldwide fertilizer production

c. Increased infrared radiation absorption by the atmosphere

d. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation