Multiple Choice
In the context of principles of transmembrane transport, which type of cell transport requires an input of energy (e.g., ATP or an ion gradient) to move substances across a membrane?
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9. Transport Across Membranes
Principles of Transmembrane Transport
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Which of the following is the best definition of active transport across a biological membrane?
A
Movement of solutes across a membrane against their electrochemical gradient using energy (directly from ATP hydrolysis or indirectly from coupling to another gradient).
B
Movement of solutes down their electrochemical gradient through a membrane protein without direct energy input (facilitated diffusion).
C
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane driven by differences in solute concentration (osmosis).
D
Movement of solutes down their concentration gradient through a membrane without any protein involvement.
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