Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry

Problem 89

Chapter 3, Problem 89

Calcium is an essential nutrient in our body. It is important for bone health. Four common calcium-containing supplements are calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium citrate (Ca3C12H10O14), calcium gluconate (CaC12H22O14), and calcium lactate (CaC6H10O6). Rank these calcium supplements in terms of the mass percentage of calcium they contain.

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Identify the molar mass of calcium (Ca) and the molar masses of each calcium supplement compound: calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium citrate (Ca3C12H10O14), calcium gluconate (CaC12H22O14), and calcium lactate (CaC6H10O6).

Calculate the mass percentage of calcium in each supplement by using the formula: \(\text{Mass percentage of Ca} = \left(\frac{\text{molar mass of Ca}}{\text{molar mass of compound}}\right) \times 100\%\).

For calcium carbonate (CaCO3), use the molar mass of Ca and CaCO3 to find the mass percentage of Ca.

For calcium citrate (Ca3C12H10O14), use the molar mass of 3 Ca atoms and the molar mass of the compound to find the mass percentage of Ca.

For calcium gluconate (CaC12H22O14) and calcium lactate (CaC6H10O6), repeat the calculation of mass percentage of Ca using their respective formulas.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molar Mass Calculation

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). To determine the mass percentage of calcium in each supplement, one must first calculate the molar mass of the entire compound and the molar mass of the calcium within it. The mass percentage is then found by dividing the mass of calcium by the total molar mass and multiplying by 100.

Mass Percentage

Mass percentage is a way of expressing the concentration of an element in a compound. It is calculated by taking the mass of the element of interest, dividing it by the total mass of the compound, and then multiplying by 100. This concept is crucial for comparing the calcium content in different supplements to determine which has the highest concentration.

Chemical Composition of Supplements

Each calcium supplement has a unique chemical formula that dictates its composition and the amount of calcium it contains. Understanding the chemical structure and the number of calcium atoms in each formula is essential for calculating the mass percentage. For example, calcium carbonate contains one calcium atom per formula unit, while calcium citrate contains three, affecting their overall calcium content.

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