Water-Resources Engineering, International Edition, 3rd edition
Title overview
For a senior- or graduate-level first course in water-resources engineering offered in civil and environmental engineering degree programs. A prerequisite course in fluid mechanics and calculus up to differential equations is assumed.
Water-Resources Engineering provides comprehensive coverage of hydraulics, hydrology, and water-resources planning and management. Presented from first principles, the material is rigorous, relevant to the practice of water resources engineering, and reinforced by detailed presentations of design applications.
• Practical design applications – Drawn from the areas of hydraulics, surface water and ground water hydrology, and hydrologic fate and transport processes.
– Coverage of design applications reinforces the basic theory.
– Design methods are state-of-the-art, preparing students for engineering practice.
– Detailed coverage of hydraulics, hydrology, and contaminant transport in a single text provides a holistic view of water-resources engineering.
• Computer models that are widely used in practice implement the techniques discussed.
– It is essential that today's engineers be familiar with state-of-the-art computer models for efficient and comprehensive engineering design.
• Design protocols that are consistent with ASCE, WEF, and AWWA Manuals of Practice – Gives students crucial familiarity with the codes and design standards that guide most modern designs.
• SI used units throughout – Reflects the increasing use of SI units in the United States and keeping students competitive in the global environment.
The third edition of this book contains much new and updated material and is significantly reorganized relative to the previous edition. The most notable changes are as follows:
- The book contains 17 chapters compared to 7 chapters in the previous edition. In the previous edition, most of the chapters were quite long and contained both theory and practical examples. In the present edition, theory-oriented chapters have been separated from practice oriented chapters. The material in all chapters has been revised and updated, with some chapters being almost entirely rewritten as described below.
- Coverage of the design of drainage channels (Chapter 5) has been completely rewritten. Subsequent to the previous edition of the book, the Federal Highway Administration thoroughly revised their Urban Drainage Design Manual, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No.22 (HEC-22), which provides the primary design guidelines for the design of drainage channels in the United States. The updated chapter in this book is consistent with the latest (2009) edition of HEC-22, which is typically updated every 10—20 years. A new appendix describing the unified soil classification system has been added to support the design applications contained in this chapter.
- Coverage of the design of sanitary sewers (Chapter 6) has been completely rewritten to be consistent with the latest version of the ASCE Manual of Practice No.60 on the design of sanitary sewers. The new ASCE manual of practice, which is updated approximately every 10 years, is a significant departure from previous ASCE manuals of practice in that the tractive-force design approach is now recommended as the preferred approach for designing sanitary sewers. The updated chapter emphasizes the tractive-force approach and contains the the key design aids provided in ASCE Manual of Practice No.60.
- Coverage of the design of stormwater management systems (Chapter 12) has been significantly revised and updated. Over the past several years, much has been learned about the performance and design of various stormwater control measures (SCMs) and the latest design approaches to these systems are incorporated in the revised chapter.
- In addition to updating the coverage on most topics covered in the book, several new topics have been added. For example, coverage of water hammer, variable-speed pumps, watersurface profiles across bridges, design of dams and reservoirs, and uncertainty analysis have all been added.
- Many new end-of chapter problems have been added to support the revised coverage in the book, and several problems from the previous edition have been removed or modified.
Table of contents
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Water-Resources Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 The Hydrologic Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Design of Water-Resource Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Water-Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.2 Water-Use Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.3 Supporting Federal Agencies in the United States . . . . . . . . . . 7
Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Fundamentals of Flow in Closed Conduits 9
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Single Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.1 Steady-State Continuity Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2 Steady-State Momentum Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.3 Steady-State Energy Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.3.1 Energy and hydraulic grade lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2.3.2 Velocity profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.3.3 Head losses in transitions and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.3.4 Head losses in non circular conduits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.3.5 Empirical friction-loss formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.4 Water Hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3 Pipe Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3.1 Nodal Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3.2 Loop Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3.3 Application of Computer Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4.1 Affinity Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.4.2 Pump Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4.2.1 Commercially available pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4.2.2 System characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.2.3 Limits on pump location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4.3 Multiple-Pump Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.4.4 Variable-Speed Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3 Design of Water-Distribution Systems 70
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.2 Water Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.2.1 Per-Capita Forecast Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2.1.1 Estimation of per-capita demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2.1.2 Estimation of population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.2.2 Temporal Variations in Water Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.2.3 Fire Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.2.4 Design Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.3 Components of Water-Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.3.1 Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.3.1.1 Minimum size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.3.1.2 Service lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.3.1.3 Pipe materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.3.2 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .