Which of the following cannot be linked to any of the elements of PERMA?

• A. Expressing interest in a favorite hobby and showing emotions of joy and contentment.
• B. Having such a high self-esteem that one cannot stop talking about their achievements.
• C. A firefighter loving their job because helping people brings them fulfilment.
• D. Going on a walk with a loved one and expressing your gratitude for their love.
• E. A student setting SMART goals to improve their mental health and working hard to achieve it

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of PERMA. PERMA is a model of well-being developed by Martin Seligman, which stands for Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment. Each element contributes to overall happiness and well-being.
2. Step 2: Analyze each option to determine if it aligns with any of the elements of PERMA. For example, expressing interest in a hobby and showing joy aligns with Positive Emotion, and a firefighter loving their job because it brings fulfillment aligns with Meaning.
3. Step 3: Identify the option that does not align with any of the PERMA elements. For instance, having excessively high self-esteem and constantly talking about achievements may not directly contribute to well-being as defined by PERMA, as it could indicate narcissism rather than genuine accomplishment or positive relationships.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the other options, such as going on a walk with a loved one (aligns with Relationships and Positive Emotion) and setting SMART goals (aligns with Accomplishment), to confirm they fit within the PERMA framework.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is the option that does not align with any of the PERMA elements, which in this case is the one about excessively high self-esteem and talking about achievements.