What do medical personnel administer to counteract various type I hypersensitivities?


a. antihistamine
b. bronchodilator
c. corticosteroid
d. epinephrine
e. all of the above

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions caused by the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils.
2. Recognize that antihistamines are used to block the effects of histamine, providing relief from symptoms such as itching, swelling, and redness.
3. Identify that bronchodilators are used to relax muscles of the airways, improving breathing in cases where respiratory symptoms are present.
4. Note that corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory agents that can reduce inflammation and immune response, useful in severe allergic reactions.
5. Acknowledge that epinephrine is a critical treatment for anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction, as it quickly reverses symptoms by constricting blood vessels and opening airways.

Key Concepts

Type I Hypersensitivity

Type I hypersensitivity, also known as immediate hypersensitivity, is an allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It involves the activation of IgE antibodies, which bind to allergens and trigger the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. This can lead to symptoms such as itching, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are medications that block the action of histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions. By inhibiting histamine receptors, these drugs help alleviate symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. They are commonly used to treat mild allergic reactions but may not be sufficient for severe cases like anaphylaxis.

Epinephrine

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a critical medication used in emergency situations to treat severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It works by constricting blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and opening airways, thereby counteracting the life-threatening symptoms of a type I hypersensitivity reaction. It is typically administered via an auto-injector for rapid response.