A new L&W report, sponsored by Pearson, finds that England’s occupational standards are too numerous, often slow to adapt and lack strategic oversight.

With more than twice the number of standards as countries like Germany and Switzerland, the system risks being unwieldy and less effective for employers, learners and the economy.

The research calls for a more streamlined, consistent and flexible approach to ensure apprenticeships and technical qualifications keep pace with change - from green skills to AI.