The basic functional unit of the kidney is the __________.

• A. major calyx
• B. renal corpuscle
• C. loop of Henle
• D. nephron
• E. glomerulus

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the kidney is an organ responsible for filtering blood, removing waste, and balancing electrolytes.
2. Recognize that the nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for the processes of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.
3. Identify the components of the nephron, which include the renal corpuscle (comprising the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule), the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
4. Differentiate between the nephron and other structures listed: the major calyx is a part of the kidney's drainage system, the renal corpuscle is a component of the nephron, the loop of Henle is a segment of the nephron, and the glomerulus is a network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
5. Conclude that the nephron is the correct answer as it encompasses the entire functional unit responsible for the kidney's role in filtering and processing blood.