How does a meniscus (articular disc) function in a joint?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a meniscus, also known as an articular disc, is a fibrocartilaginous structure located within certain synovial joints, such as the knee.
2. Recognize that the meniscus functions to improve the fit between articulating bone surfaces, which may be incongruent or irregular in shape.
3. Know that by increasing the congruency of the joint surfaces, the meniscus helps to distribute the load more evenly across the joint, reducing stress on the articular cartilage.
4. Appreciate that the meniscus also acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joint during weight-bearing activities and movements.
5. Finally, understand that the meniscus contributes to joint stability by guiding the movement of the bones and preventing excessive motion that could lead to injury.

Key Concepts

Meniscus (Articular Disc) Structure

A meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure located within certain synovial joints. It is composed of dense collagen fibers and provides a tough, flexible surface that adapts to joint contours, enhancing stability and cushioning.

Function in Load Distribution and Shock Absorption

The meniscus helps distribute the load evenly across the joint surface, reducing stress on the underlying bone. It acts as a shock absorber during movement, protecting the joint from impact and wear.

Role in Joint Stability and Movement

By improving the congruency between articulating bones, the meniscus enhances joint stability and guides smooth movement. It also aids in joint lubrication and nutrient distribution within the synovial fluid.