Groups of atoms such as NH₂ or OH that appear in certain common arrangements are called __________ .

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that in microbiology and chemistry, groups of atoms that appear together in molecules and confer specific chemical properties are known as functional groups.
2. Recall that functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
3. Examples of common functional groups include the amino group (NH\_2), hydroxyl group (OH), carboxyl group (COOH), and phosphate group (PO\_4).
4. Recognize that these groups are important because they determine the behavior and reactivity of organic molecules in biological systems.
5. Therefore, the blank in the sentence should be filled with the term 'functional groups' to correctly describe these common arrangements of atoms.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and chemical behaviors. They determine the reactivity and interactions of organic compounds, such as amino (NH₂) and hydroxyl (OH) groups.

Amino Group (NH₂)

The amino group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (NH₂). It is a common functional group in organic molecules like amino acids and plays a key role in forming proteins and other biological compounds.

Hydroxyl Group (OH)

The hydroxyl group contains an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (OH). It is characteristic of alcohols and contributes to the polarity and solubility of molecules, influencing biochemical interactions and reactions.