Groups of atoms such as NH₂ or OH that appear in certain common arrangements are called __________ .

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the context of the problem, which is related to chemistry and microbiology.
2. Recognize that the problem is asking for a term that describes specific groups of atoms.
3. Understand that these groups of atoms, like NH₂ (amino group) and OH (hydroxyl group), are known for their consistent behavior in chemical reactions.
4. Recall that these groups are often referred to as functional groups in chemistry.
5. Conclude that the term that fits the blank is 'functional groups', which are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common examples include hydroxyl (OH), amino (NH₂), and carboxyl (COOH) groups, which play crucial roles in biological processes.

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. It encompasses a vast array of substances, including hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which are essential for understanding biological molecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including the types of bonds and the spatial orientation of the atoms. Understanding molecular structure is vital for predicting how molecules interact in biological systems, influencing their function and reactivity in various chemical processes.