Contrast a cell of Streptococcus pyogenes (a bacterium) with the unicellular protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, listing at least eight differences.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the basic classification of each organism. Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacterium, which is a prokaryote, while Entamoeba histolytica is a unicellular protozoan, which is a eukaryote.
2. Step 2: Compare the cellular structure. Streptococcus pyogenes lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas Entamoeba histolytica has a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria.
3. Step 3: Contrast the cell wall composition. Streptococcus pyogenes has a rigid cell wall made primarily of peptidoglycan, while Entamoeba histolytica does not have a cell wall but instead has a flexible plasma membrane.
4. Step 4: Discuss size differences. Typically, Streptococcus pyogenes cells are smaller (about 0.5-1.0 micrometers) compared to the larger Entamoeba histolytica cells (usually 10-60 micrometers).
5. Step 5: Examine modes of locomotion. Streptococcus pyogenes is non-motile, whereas Entamoeba histolytica moves using pseudopodia (temporary projections of cytoplasm).
6. Step 6: Compare genetic material organization. Streptococcus pyogenes has a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, while Entamoeba histolytica has multiple linear chromosomes within a membrane-bound nucleus.
7. Step 7: Contrast reproduction methods. Streptococcus pyogenes reproduces asexually by binary fission, while Entamoeba histolytica reproduces mainly by binary fission but can also form cysts for survival.
8. Step 8: Discuss metabolic capabilities. Streptococcus pyogenes is generally anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic and relies on simpler metabolic pathways, whereas Entamoeba histolytica has more complex metabolic processes typical of eukaryotes.

Key Concepts

Cellular Structure Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Streptococcus pyogenes is a prokaryotic bacterium lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while Entamoeba histolytica is a eukaryotic protozoan with a defined nucleus and organelles like mitochondria. This fundamental difference affects their complexity and cellular processes.

Cell Wall Composition

Streptococcus pyogenes has a rigid peptidoglycan cell wall characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria, providing shape and protection. In contrast, Entamoeba histolytica lacks a cell wall and instead has a flexible plasma membrane, allowing for amoeboid movement.

Mode of Nutrition and Metabolism

Streptococcus pyogenes is a chemoheterotrophic bacterium that obtains energy by metabolizing organic compounds, often fermenting sugars. Entamoeba histolytica is a heterotrophic protozoan that engulfs food particles via phagocytosis, reflecting differences in feeding and energy acquisition.