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1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data(0)

Intro to Stats
(0)

Levels of Measurement
(0)

Intro to Collecting Data
(0)

Sampling Methods
(0)

2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs(0)

Visualizing Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data
(0)

Frequency Distributions
(0)

Histograms
(0)

Bar Graphs and Pareto Charts
(0)

Pie Charts
(0)

Frequency Polygons
(0)

Dot Plots
(0)

Stemplots (Stem-and-Leaf Plots)
(0)

Time-Series Graph
(0)

3. Describing Data Numerically(0)

Mean
(0)

Median
(0)

Mode
(0)

Standard Deviation
(0)

Interpreting Standard Deviation
(0)

Percentiles & Quartiles
(0)

Boxplots
(0)

4. Probability(0)

Basic Concepts of Probability
(0)

Complements
(0)

Addition Rule
(0)

Multiplication Rule: Independent Events
(0)

Introduction to Contingency Tables
(0)

Multiplication Rule: Dependent Events
(0)

Bayes' Theorem
(0)

Fundamental Counting Principle
(0)

Counting
(0)

5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables(0)

Discrete Random Variables
(0)

Binomial Distribution
(0)

Poisson Distribution
(0)

Hypergeometric Distribution
(0)

6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables(0)

Uniform Distribution
(0)

Standard Normal Distribution
(0)

Non-Standard Normal Distribution
(0)

7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean(0)

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean and Central Limit Theorem
(0)

Introduction to Confidence Intervals
(0)

Confidence Intervals for Population Mean
(0)

Determining the Minimum Sample Size Required
(0)

8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion(0)

Sampling Distribution of Sample Proportion
(0)

Confidence Intervals for Population Proportion
(0)

Chi Square Distribution
(0)

Confidence Intervals for Population Variance
(0)

9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample(0)

Steps in Hypothesis Testing
(0)

Performing Hypothesis Tests: Means
(0)

Performing Hypothesis Tests: Proportions
(0)

Performing Hypothesis Tests: Variance
(0)

Critical Values and Rejection Regions
(0)

Link Between Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing
(0)

Type I & Type II Errors
(0)

10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples(0)

Two Proportions
(0)

Two Means - Unknown, Unequal Variance
(0)

Two Means - Unknown, Equal Variance
(0)

Two Means - Known Variance
(0)

Two Means - Matched Pairs (Dependent Samples)
(0)

Two Variances and F Distribution
(0)

11. Correlation(0)

Scatterplots & Intro to Correlation
(0)

Correlation Coefficient
(0)

12. Regression(0)

Linear Regression & Least Squares Method
(0)

Residuals
(0)

Coefficient of Determination
(0)

Inferences for Slope
(0)

Prediction Intervals
(0)

Quadratic Regression
(0)

13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit(0)

Goodness of Fit Test
(0)

Contingency Tables
(0)

Independence Tests
(0)

Homogeneity Tests
(0)

14. ANOVA(0)

Introduction to ANOVA
(0)

Multiple Comparisons: Tukey Test
(0)

Multiple Comparisons: Tukey-Kramer Test
(0)

Multiple Comparisons: Bonferoni Test
(0)

Two-Way ANOVA
(0)

1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data

Levels of Measurement

1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data

Levels of Measurement: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Back to all problems

21 of 0

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Problem 21Multiple Choice

You are given birth years for three subjects: 1990, 1980, 2000. Explain how converting to ages as of mid-2024 changes the level of measurement, and list two new valid arithmetic operations you can perform after conversion that were not valid on birth years.

Ages ≈ 34.5, 44.5, 24.5; conversion keeps data at interval-level and nothing new becomes valid — ratios and percentages remain meaningless because calendar years are the same scale.

Ages ≈ 34.5, 44.5, 24.5; conversion allows multiplication of ages by arbitrary constants to create indices, but subtraction and comparison remain invalid because age is not comparable across individuals.

Ages ≈ 34.5, 44.5, 24.5; conversion to ages renders the data nominal because ages become labels for cohorts and arithmetic must be abandoned in favour of cross-tabulations.

Ages ≈ 34.5, 44.5, 24.5; conversion raises data to ratio-level and allows ratios (division) and percent differences to be interpreted meaningfully, which were not valid on birth years.

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