Which of the following is a true statement concerning prokaryotic chromosomes?

a. They typically have two or three origins of replication

b. They contain single-stranded DNA

c. They are located in the cytosol

d. They are associated in linear pairs

Which of the following forms ionic bonds with eukaryotic DNA and stabilizes it?

a. Chromatin

b. Bacteriocin

c. Histone

d. Nucleoid

Nucleotides used in the replication of DNA __________ .

a. Carry energy

b. Are found in four forms, each with a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a base

c. Are present in cells as triphosphate nucleotides

d. All of the above are correct.

Which of the following molecules functions as a “proofreader” for a newly replicated strand of DNA?

a. DNA polymerase III

b. Primase

c. Helicase

d. Ligase

The addition of to a cytosine nucleotide after DNA replication is called                                  .

a. methylation

b. restriction

c. transcription

d. transversion

Which of the following methods of DNA repair involves enzymes that recognize and correct nucleotide errors in unmethylated strands of DNA?

a. Light repair of T dimers

b. Dark repair of P dimers

c. Mismatch repair

d. SOS response

A sequence of nucleotides formed during replication of the lagging DNA strand is a(n) ___________:

a. Palindrome

b. Okazaki fragment

c. Coding strand

d. Operon

A daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand because DNA replication is __________ .

On the accompanying figure, label:

DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, helicase, lagging strand, leading strand, ligase, nucleotide (triphosphate), Okazaki fragment, primase, replication fork, RNA primer, and stabilizing proteins.

This bacteriophage DNA molecule has been warmed. Label the portions that likely have a higher ratio of GC base pairs and the portions that have a higher ratio of AT base pairs.

In translation, the site through which tRNA molecules leave a ribosome is called the __________:

a. A site

b. X site

c. P site

d. E site

Transcription produces _____________ .

a. DNA molecules

b. RNA molecules

c. Polypeptides

d. Palindromes

Repressible operons are important in regulating prokaryotic:

a. DNA replication

b. RNA transcription

c. rRNA processing

d. Sugar catabolism

Which of the following is part of each molecule of mRNA?

a. Palindrome

b. Codon

c. Anticodon

d. Base pair

The trp operon is repressible. This means it is usually __________ and is directly controlled by a(n) ___________ .

a. active / inducer

b. active / repressor

c. inactive / inducer

d. inactive /repressor

How does the genotype of a bacterium determine its phenotype? Use the terms gene, mRNA, ribosome, and polypeptide in your answer.

The three steps in RNA transcription are __________ , ___________ , and __________ .

Explain the central dogma of genetics.

____________________ is a recombination event that occurs during gamete formation in eukaryotes.

Which of the following is not a mechanism of genetic transfer between cells?

a. Transduction

b. Transformation

c. Transcription

d. Conjugation

__________ RNA carries amino acids.

Compare and contrast the processes of transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Fill in the following table:

__________ RNA and __________ RNA are antisense; that is, they are complementary to another nucleic acid molecule.

Cells that have the ability to take up DNA from their environment are said to be ___________.

a. Hfr cells

b. transposing

c. genomic

d. competent

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Conjugation requires a sex pilus extending from the surface of a cell.

b. Conjugation involves a C factor.

c. Conjugation is an artificial genetic engineering technique.

d. Conjugation involves DNA that has been released into the environment.

Which of the following are called “jumping genes”?

a. Hfr cells

b. Transducing phages

c. Palindromic sequences

d. Transposons

Although two cells are totally unrelated, one cell receives DNA from the other cell and incorporates this new DNA into its chromosome. This process is ___________.

a. crossing over of DNA from the two cells

b. vertical gene transfer

c. horizontal gene transfer

d. transposition

Which of the following is not part of an operon?

a. operator

b. promoter

c. origin

d. gene

List several ways in which eukaryotic messenger RNA differs from prokaryotic mRNA.