Taxes are included in which of the following when analyzing market outcomes?

• A. The determination of consumer preferences
• B. The calculation of equilibrium price and quantity
• C. The measurement of production technology
• D. The estimation of opportunity cost

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that taxes affect the market by changing the costs or prices faced by buyers and sellers.
2. Recognize that consumer preferences are about tastes and desires, which taxes do not directly influence.
3. Recall that production technology relates to how inputs are transformed into outputs, independent of taxes.
4. Identify that opportunity cost measures the value of the next best alternative, which is a broader economic concept not directly tied to taxes.
5. Conclude that taxes are included in the calculation of equilibrium price and quantity because they shift supply or demand curves, affecting market outcomes.