Trigonometric Equations Solver
Solve common trigonometric equations for x (like sin(x)=1/2, 2cos²(x)−1=0, sin(2x)=√3·cos(x), cos(2x)=sin(x), or sin(x)+cos(x)=1). Choose degrees or radians, and get either a general solution (with integer k) or solutions in a standard interval — plus a unit-circle diagram of where they land.
Background
Trig equations often have infinitely many solutions because trig functions are periodic. For example, sin(x) repeats every 2π radians (or 360°). This solver focuses on popular homework forms that reduce using identities (like sin(2x)=2sin(x)cos(x) and cos(2x)=1−2sin²(x)) and then solves base equations like sin(x)=a, cos(x)=a, or tan(x)=a.
What this solver can (and can’t) do
- Can: Reduce common forms to sin(x)=a, cos(x)=a, or tan(x)=a, including sin(2x)=k, cos(2x)=k, sin(2x)=k·cos(x), and cos(2x)=k·sin(x).
- Can: Solve linear mixed sums of the form a·sin(x)+b·cos(x)=c by converting to a single shifted sine (R·sin(x+φ)=c).
- Can: Read flexible spellings — sinx, sin(x)^2, (sin(x))^2, and coefficients without an explicit * (like 2pi or sin(2x)=cos(x)) are all understood, not just one exact notation.
- Can’t: Fully arbitrary trig algebra (example: sin(x)+cos(2x)=1) or equations that need numeric root-finding. Unsupported types show a clear message instead of guessing.
How to use this solver
- Enter a trig equation using x (example: cos(2x)=sin(x)).
- Check "Parsed as" under the input — it shows exactly how the equation was read, so a typo is obvious right away.
- Choose degrees or radians, and a solution set: general solution or an interval.
- Click Solve to get solutions, a unit-circle diagram, and optional step-by-step.
How this solver works
- Recognizes supported patterns and reduces them using identities.
- For a·sin(x)+b·cos(x)=c, converts to R·sin(x+φ)=c (no root-finding) — unless one of a, b is zero, in which case it solves the simple base equation directly instead of an unnecessary conversion.
- For cos(2x)=m·sin(x), substitutes cos(2x)=1−2sin²(x) and solves the resulting quadratic in sin(x) directly.
- Returns a general solution (integer k) or solutions in a standard interval, plus a unit-circle plot of the principal solutions.
- If an equation type isn’t supported yet, it shows a clear message (so it won’t give wrong math).
Formula & Equations Used
Double-angle identities: sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x), cos(2x) = 1−2sin²(x)
Linear mix identity: a sin(x)+b cos(x)=R sin(x+φ), where R=√(a²+b²), φ=atan2(b,a)
Periodicity: sin(x + 2πk)=sin(x), cos(x + 2πk)=cos(x)
Example Problems & Step-by-Step Solutions
These cover cases the Quick Picks chips above don't already demonstrate — try the solver itself for interactive step-by-steps on the base forms, sin(2x), and linear mixed sums.
Example 1 — Solve cos(2x)=1/2
- Recognize the base form cos(2x)=k with k=1/2.
- Let u=2x. Compute the reference angle: α=arccos(1/2)=π/3.
- Use cosine symmetry: u=±α+2πk, so x=±π/6+πk.
Example 2 — Solve sin²(x)=3/4 (written as sin(x)^2)
- Take the square root of both sides: sin(x)=±√3/2.
- Solve each branch separately using sine symmetry.
- sin(x)=√3/2 gives x=π/3+2πk or x=2π/3+2πk.
- sin(x)=−√3/2 gives x=−π/3+2πk or x=4π/3+2πk.
Example 3 — Solve cos(2x)=sin(x)
- Use the identity cos(2x)=1−2sin²(x).
- 1−2sin²(x)=sin(x) → 2sin²(x)+sin(x)−1=0, a quadratic in sin(x).
- Solve with the quadratic formula: sin(x)=(−1±3)/4, giving sin(x)=1/2 or sin(x)=−1.
- Solve each case: sin(x)=1/2 gives x=π/6+2πk or 5π/6+2πk; sin(x)=−1 gives x=3π/2+2πk.
Example 4 — Solve √3·sin(x)−cos(x)=1
- Match the linear mix form a·sin(x)+b·cos(x)=c with a=√3, b=−1, c=1.
- Convert to a single sine: R=√(a²+b²)=2 and φ=atan2(b,a)=−π/6.
- Solve 2·sin(x−π/6)=1 → sin(x−π/6)=1/2.
- Solve for x−π/6, then add π/6 back: x=π/3+2πk or x=π+2πk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Does it support cos(2x), or only sin(2x)?
Both. cos(2x)=k and cos(2x)=m·sin(x) are supported alongside the sin(2x) forms, using cos(2x)=1−2sin²(x).
Q: What mixed sums does it support?
It supports linear forms like a·sin(x)+b·cos(x)=c (including sin(x)+cos(x)=1). More complex sums like sin(x)+cos(2x)=1 are not supported yet.
Q: Do I have to type the exact notation shown in the examples?
No — bare names (sinx), squared forms written either way (sin^2(x) or sin(x)^2), and coefficients without an explicit * (like 2pi or sin(2x)=cos(x)) are all accepted.
Q: What if my equation isn’t supported?
The solver shows a clear "not supported yet" message instead of guessing, and the "Parsed as" line under the input shows exactly how your equation was read — useful for spotting a typo before assuming the equation itself is unsupported.