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1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m

Biology and Society
7m

Scientific Process
27m

Analyzing Data
31m

Processes of Life
15m

Evolution
50m

Energy Flow and Ecosystems
27m

2. Essential Chemistry for Biology2h 43m

Basic Chemistry
8m

Parts of an Atom
1h 26m

Chemical Bonding and Molecules
16m

Chemical Reactions
9m

Water
7m

Acids, Bases, and pH
34m

3. The Molecules of Life2h 18m

Organic Compounds
20m

Carbohydrates
23m

Proteins
31m

Lipids
28m

Nucleic Acids
34m

4. A Tour of the Cell2h 7m

Cells
26m

Cell Membranes
18m

Nucleus & Ribosomes
25m

Endomembrane System
12m

Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
31m

Cytoskeleton
11m

5. The Working Cell1h 29m

Energy
30m

ATP and Cellular Work
22m

Enzymes
24m

Membrane Transport
12m

6. Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food1h 8m

Energy Flow in the Biosphere
9m

Cellular Respiration
16m

Aerobic Cellular Respiration
19m

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
23m

7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food1h 44m

The Basics of Photosynthesis
26m

Light Reactions
56m

Calvin Cycle
21m

8. Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells2h 55m

Cell Reproduction
23m

Genetic Material
17m

The Cell Cycle
7m

Mitosis
1h 2m

Meiosis
1h 5m

9. Patterns of Inheritance2h 53m

Genetics and Heredity
24m

Mendel's Laws
46m

Variations in Mendel's Laws
20m

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1h 22m

10. The Structure and Function of DNA4h 19m

DNA and RNA Structure
18m

DNA Replication
41m

From DNA to RNA to Protein
17m

Transcription
1h 4m

Translation
54m

Mutations
21m

Infectious Agents
41m

11. How Genes Are Controlled55m

Gene Regulation
13m

Gene Regulation in Bacteria
11m

Gene Regulation in Eukarya
4m

Cell Signaling
16m

Oncogenes and Tumor Suppression
8m

12. DNA Technology33m

Recombinant DNA Techniques
2m

Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells
10m

DNA Profiling Techniques
13m

Genetic Mapping
7m

13. How Populations Evolve6h 12m

Introduction to Evolution
50m

Theories on the Diversity of Life
19m

Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species
10m

Evidence of Evolution
36m

Evolutionary Trees & Phylogeny
1h 4m

Natural and Artificial Selection
49m

Evolution of Populations
47m

Analyzing the Gene Pool
1h 4m

Mechanisms of Evolution
30m

14. How Biological Diversity Evolves3h 27m

Biological Species Concept
31m

Reproductive Barriers & Mechanisms of Speciation
51m

Earth's History & Macroevolution
14m

Fossil Record
24m

Mass Extinctions
30m

Classifying The Diversity of Life
54m

15. The Evolution of Microbial Life2h 8m

Origins of Life
13m

Prokaryotes
1h 7m

Bacteria & Archaea
34m

Protists
13m

16. The Evolution of Plants and Fungi1h 58m

Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants
35m

Bryophytes
13m

Ferns
6m

Seed Plants & Angiosperms
26m

Fungi
36m

17. The Evolution of Animals3h 25m

Animals
1h 7m

Invertebrates
52m

Chordata
28m

Amphibians and Reptiles
9m

Evolution of Primates
48m

18. An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere2h 3m

Ecology and the Biosphere
20m

Interactions with the Environment
14m

Freshwater and Marine Biomes
1h 18m

Terrestrial Biomes
10m

19. Population Ecology2h 9m

Population Ecology
28m

Survivorship Curves
41m

Population Growth and Regulation
22m

Human Population Growth
37m

20. Communities and Ecosystems4h 29m

Community Ecology
1h 22m

Trophic Structure
35m

Disturbances and Succession in Communities
26m

Energy Flow in Ecosystems
55m

Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems
44m

Conservation and Restoration Biology
24m

21. Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function2h 17m

Anatomy and Physiology
27m

Homeostasis
35m

Thermoregulation
16m

Osmoregulation
57m

22. Nutrition and Digestion1h 2m

Digestion
5m

Tour of the Human Digestive System
49m

Food as Building Material
8m

23. Circulation and Respiration1h 46m

Circulatory Systems
6m

The Path of Blood
15m

Blood Flow
26m

Blood
10m

Cardiovascular Disease
7m

The Path of Air
21m

Gas Transport in the Blood
18m

24. The Body's Defenses1h 14m

Immune System
9m

Innate Immunity
15m

Lymphatic System
2m

Adaptive Immunity
47m

25. Hormones1h 4m

Hormones
24m

Endocrine System
5m

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands
16m

Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
4m

Pancreas
3m

Adrenal Hormones
6m

The Gonads
2m

26. Reproduction and Development1h 2m

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
5m

Human Reproductive System
40m

Fertilization
11m

Pregnancy
4m

27. Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems2h 57m

Nervous Tissue
4m

Neuronal Communication
55m

Divisions of the Nervous System
16m

The Brain
22m

Neuroplasticity
7m

The Senses
46m

The Skeletal System
7m

The Muscular System
15m

28. The Life of a Flowering Plant1h 50m

Monocots and Eudicots
14m

Roots and Shoots
26m

Plant Cells and Tissues
16m

Plant Growth
20m

Pollination and Fertilization
33m

29. The Working Plant2h 33m

Plant Nutrition
14m

Soil
22m

Transport of Water
54m

Transport of Sugar
7m

Plant Hormones
8m

Response to Stimuli
46m

4. A Tour of the Cell

Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

Introduction to Biology

4. A Tour of the Cell

Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

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Multiple Choice

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is likely the ancestor of the mitochondria?

A

Aerobic eukaryotes.

B

Aerobic bacteria.

C

Anaerobic bacteria.

D

Cyanobacteria.

E

Chloroplasts.

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