The pathogen Haemophilus influenzae b causes.
a. meningitis in children
b. upper respiratory flu
c. endocarditis
d. genital chancroid

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the pathogen: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterium.
2. Understand the diseases associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b: It is known to cause several serious infections, especially in children.
3. Consider the options provided: a. meningitis in children, b. upper respiratory flu, c. endocarditis, d. genital chancroid.
4. Recall that Haemophilus influenzae type b is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children, especially before the introduction of the Hib vaccine.
5. Conclude that the most well-known and significant disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b is meningitis in children.

Key Concepts

Haemophilus influenzae b

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a type of bacteria that can cause severe infections, particularly in young children. It is encapsulated, which helps it evade the immune system, making it a significant pathogen. Hib is known for causing diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, especially before the widespread use of the Hib vaccine.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacterial meningitis, particularly from Hib, can lead to serious complications and is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck.

Vaccination and Public Health

Vaccination against Hib has significantly reduced the incidence of diseases caused by this pathogen, particularly meningitis in children. The Hib vaccine is part of routine childhood immunizations in many countries, highlighting the importance of vaccination in public health to prevent infectious diseases and protect vulnerable populations.