Which of the following is an advantage of using a furnace instead of a flame in atomic absorption spectroscopy?

• A. Furnaces allow for faster sample throughput than flames.
• B. Furnaces provide higher sensitivity for trace element detection.
• C. Furnaces require less precise temperature control than flames.
• D. Furnaces are less expensive to operate than flames.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), which is a technique used to measure the concentration of elements by analyzing the absorption of light by free atoms in the gas phase.
2. Recognize the role of the atomization source in AAS. A flame or a furnace is used to convert the sample into free atoms. Each source has distinct advantages and disadvantages.
3. Compare the sensitivity of furnaces and flames. Furnaces, such as graphite furnaces, provide higher sensitivity for trace element detection because they can concentrate the sample in a small volume and maintain the atoms in the optical path for a longer time.
4. Consider the operational differences. Furnaces require precise temperature control to ensure proper atomization, whereas flames are generally easier to control but less sensitive for trace analysis.
5. Evaluate the cost and throughput factors. While furnaces may be more expensive to operate and slower in sample throughput compared to flames, their higher sensitivity makes them advantageous for detecting trace elements in analytical applications.