Which of the following is NOT considered a protective factor that can mitigate child abuse and maltreatment?

• A. Strong social support networks
• B. Parental substance abuse
• C. Positive parent-child relationships
• D. Access to community resources

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of protective factors in the context of child abuse and maltreatment. Protective factors are conditions or attributes in individuals, families, or communities that help reduce or eliminate risk and promote healthy development and well-being.
2. Step 2: Identify the options given and classify each as either a protective factor or a risk factor. Protective factors typically include elements like strong social support networks, positive parent-child relationships, and access to community resources.
3. Step 3: Recognize that parental substance abuse is generally considered a risk factor rather than a protective factor because it increases the likelihood of child abuse and maltreatment.
4. Step 4: Compare each option against the definition of protective factors to determine which one does not fit. The one that increases risk rather than mitigates it is the correct answer to the question.
5. Step 5: Conclude that 'Parental substance abuse' is NOT a protective factor, while the other options are protective factors that can help mitigate child abuse and maltreatment.