Psychological disorders may be a result of all of the following except:

• A. Genetic predispositions
• B. Environmental stressors
• C. Neurochemical imbalances
• D. Personal choice alone

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the nature of psychological disorders. Psychological disorders are typically influenced by a combination of factors including biological, psychological, and environmental components.
2. Step 2: Review the options given: Genetic predispositions, Environmental stressors, Neurochemical imbalances, and Personal choice alone. Consider how each factor contributes to psychological disorders based on psychological research.
3. Step 3: Recognize that genetic predispositions refer to inherited traits that may increase vulnerability to certain disorders, which is a well-established factor in psychology.
4. Step 4: Understand that environmental stressors, such as trauma or chronic stress, can trigger or exacerbate psychological disorders, making this a valid contributing factor.
5. Step 5: Know that neurochemical imbalances involve irregularities in brain chemistry, which are often linked to disorders like depression or schizophrenia, thus also a valid factor. Personal choice alone, however, is not considered a cause of psychological disorders because these disorders are complex and not simply a matter of choice.