Which of the following does NOT support skepticism regarding repressed or recovered memories?

• A. Recovered memories are sometimes corroborated by external evidence.
• B. Therapists' techniques may unintentionally implant memories in clients.
• C. False memories can be created in laboratory settings.
• D. Research shows that memories can be influenced by suggestion and leading questions.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of skepticism regarding repressed or recovered memories. Skepticism here means questioning the reliability and accuracy of such memories, especially when they are recovered after a long period or through therapeutic techniques.
2. Step 2: Analyze each statement to determine whether it supports or contradicts skepticism. Supporting skepticism means the statement provides reasons to doubt the accuracy or authenticity of repressed or recovered memories.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the statement 'Recovered memories are sometimes corroborated by external evidence.' This suggests that some recovered memories can be verified independently, which would reduce skepticism because it supports the validity of those memories.
4. Step 4: Consider the other statements: 'Therapists' techniques may unintentionally implant memories in clients,' 'False memories can be created in laboratory settings,' and 'Research shows that memories can be influenced by suggestion and leading questions.' Each of these supports skepticism by showing how memories can be unreliable or manipulated.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the statement about corroboration by external evidence does NOT support skepticism, while the other statements do, because corroboration strengthens the credibility of recovered memories.