From the perspective of object relations theory, which of the following best describes how personality develops?

• A. Personality is determined mainly by genetic inheritance and biological factors.
• B. Personality develops primarily through early relationships with caregivers, which shape internal representations of self and others.
• C. Personality is shaped by reinforcement and punishment in the environment.
• D. Personality develops through conscious choices and rational decision-making.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that object relations theory is a psychoanalytic perspective focusing on early interpersonal relationships, especially between infants and their primary caregivers.
2. Recognize that according to this theory, personality development is influenced by the internalized images or 'objects' of self and others formed during these early relationships.
3. Note that these internal representations affect how individuals perceive themselves and others throughout life, shaping their personality patterns.
4. Contrast this with other perspectives: genetic/biological determinism, behaviorist reinforcement models, and cognitive-rational approaches, which are not the focus of object relations theory.
5. Conclude that the best description of personality development from the object relations perspective is that it primarily arises from early caregiver relationships shaping internal models of self and others.