Which of the following issues is NOT typically included in the diagnosis of a true learning disability?

• A. Difficulty with reading, writing, or math skills despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunity
• B. Persistent academic struggles that are not explained by cultural or economic disadvantage
• C. Challenges in processing spoken or written language
• D. Problems caused primarily by visual or hearing impairments

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definition of a true learning disability. A true learning disability involves difficulties in specific academic skills such as reading, writing, or math, despite having adequate intelligence and educational opportunities.
2. Step 2: Recognize that learning disabilities are diagnosed when academic struggles persist and cannot be explained by external factors such as cultural, economic, or environmental disadvantages.
3. Step 3: Identify that challenges in processing spoken or written language are common features of learning disabilities, as they directly affect academic performance.
4. Step 4: Note that problems caused primarily by visual or hearing impairments are not considered learning disabilities because these are sensory impairments, not intrinsic difficulties in learning processes.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the issue NOT typically included in the diagnosis of a true learning disability is 'Problems caused primarily by visual or hearing impairments' because these are separate conditions that require different interventions.