In developmental psychology, older adults characterized by pessimism do not live as long as those who display which of the following traits?

• A. Optimism
• B. Impulsivity
• C. Neuroticism
• D. Hostility

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the key terms in the question. 'Pessimism' refers to a tendency to expect negative outcomes, while 'optimism' is the tendency to expect positive outcomes. The other traits listed (Impulsivity, Neuroticism, Hostility) are different personality characteristics that can affect behavior and health in various ways.
2. Step 2: Recognize that in developmental psychology, research often examines how personality traits influence health and longevity, especially in older adults.
3. Step 3: Recall that optimism has been linked to better health outcomes and longer life expectancy because optimistic individuals tend to engage in healthier behaviors, cope better with stress, and have stronger social support.
4. Step 4: Compare the traits listed: impulsivity, neuroticism, and hostility are generally associated with negative health outcomes, but the question specifically contrasts pessimism with a trait that promotes longer life.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the trait contrasting pessimism in terms of longer life expectancy is optimism, as it is the positive outlook that has been shown to contribute to greater longevity in older adults.