In the context of diagnosing psychological disorders, which of the following best describes 'clang associations' as seen in schizophrenia?

• A. A sudden loss of memory for important personal information
• B. An inability to initiate or sustain goal-directed activities
• C. Speech in which words are chosen for their sound rather than meaning, often resulting in rhyming or punning
• D. A persistent belief in something that is clearly false or impossible

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand that 'clang associations' refer to a specific type of speech pattern often observed in schizophrenia, where the focus is on the sound of words rather than their meaning.
2. Step 2: Recognize that this speech pattern involves choosing words based on rhyming, punning, or similar sounds, which can make the speech seem disorganized or nonsensical.
3. Step 3: Differentiate 'clang associations' from other symptoms such as memory loss, inability to initiate activities, or delusions, which are distinct features of psychological disorders but not related to this speech pattern.
4. Step 4: Note that 'clang associations' are a form of formal thought disorder, reflecting disturbances in the organization and expression of thoughts through language.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the best description of 'clang associations' is 'Speech in which words are chosen for their sound rather than meaning, often resulting in rhyming or punning.'