Which of the following is the primary cause of organic intellectual disability?

• A. Poor parenting and inadequate social stimulation
• B. Lack of educational opportunities during childhood
• C. Cultural differences in intelligence testing
• D. Genetic or biological factors such as chromosomal abnormalities or brain injury

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'organic intellectual disability,' which refers to intellectual disabilities caused by identifiable physical or biological factors affecting brain development or function.
2. Recognize that organic intellectual disabilities are primarily due to genetic or biological causes, such as chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome) or brain injuries sustained before, during, or after birth.
3. Differentiate organic intellectual disability from intellectual disabilities caused by environmental factors, such as poor parenting, inadequate social stimulation, or lack of educational opportunities, which are considered non-organic or environmental causes.
4. Note that cultural differences in intelligence testing do not cause intellectual disability but may affect the assessment or diagnosis of intellectual functioning.
5. Conclude that the primary cause of organic intellectual disability is genetic or biological factors, not environmental or cultural influences.